Abstract
Rising global demand for seafood and declining catches have resulted in the volume of aquaculture doubling each decade, a growth expected by the FAO to persist in the decades to come. The use of technologies with economical and environmental sustainability would influence aquaculture growth. In aquaculture, feed accounts for about half the cost in current high-volume fed mono-species culture such as in fish net pens or shrimp/fish ponds with most of this feed going as waste or uneaten. As a result, immense impact on the environment, hampers the further growth of aquaculture. In traditional polyculture systems, the nutrient-assimilating photoautotrophic plants use solar energy to turn nutrient-rich effluents into profitable resources and improve to a large extent the aquatic environment. Additionally some of these aquatic plants are commercially exploited for the preparation of various products. Thus the dual role of some of these aquatic plants can be effectively used in shrimp aquaculture ponds in the maintenance of good water quality through regulating toxic gases such as ammonia and nitrite and hence improve the shrimp production. A study was conducted to evaluate different marine algal species with respect to good water quality maintenance. The study showed that Gracilaria crassa can improve water quality more effectively compared to Ulva reticulate and Enteromorpha in all the three water systems namely sea water, pond water and shrimp culture effluent water.
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