Keywords
AM fungal diversity
AM fungal spore abundance
Landuse transformation
Mycorrhizal root colonization
Paddy fields
Perennial cropping systems
How to Cite
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyze the effect of transformation of paddy fields into perennial crop dominant landuse systems on diversity, distribution and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi). When the basal area of tree and palm community in different landuse systems derived from paddy fields did not differ significantly, density was low in coconut and rubber plantation. Among different landuse systems, polyculture homegarden showed significantly high value for tree species diversity index (2.31). Polyculture homegardens also differ from paddy field and other landuse systems studied with significantly more AM fungal spore abundance in the soil. Even though significantly low spore abundance in the soil was recorded, percentage of root colonization value was significantly more in the roots collected from arecanut mixed with perennial cropping system. In the present study, fifty six AM fungi species were recovered from paddy field and landuse systems derived from it. About 55%-74% of AM fungal species were found to be common in paddy fields and a given landuse system derived from it. AM fungal species diversity index values did not vary among landuse systems, with exceptions being in paddy fields and polyculture farms, where significantly low values were recorded. These findings highlight the fact that due to landuse transformation, aboveground plant species composition changed drastically while the changes in AM fungal species composition and spore abundance remained a slow process
References
Borowicz VA. 2001. Do arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alter plant-pathogen relations? Ecology 82:3057-3068.
Chandrashekara UM, Balasundaran M, Sankaran KV, Sujatha MP, Varma RV, Senapati BK, Sahgal M. 2008. Conservation and sustainable management of belowground biodiversity in the Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve - Phase I. KFRI Research Report No. 316. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala.
Das T, Das AK. 2005. Inventorying plant biodiversity in homegardens: a case study in Barak Valley, Assam, North East India. Curr Sci., 89:155-163.
Dhar PP, Mridha MAU. 2007. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different trees of Madhpur forest of Bangladesh. J For Res, 17:201-205.
Fischer RA, Yates F. 1963. .Statistical Tables of Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. Oliver and Boyd, UK.
Gerdemann JM, Nicolson TH. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans Br Mycol Soc., 46:235-240.
Giller PS. 1996. The diversity of soil communities, the ‘poor man’s tropical rainforest. Biodivers. Conserv, 5:135-168.
Kannan KP, Pushpangadan K. 1988. Agriculture Stagnation and Economic Growth in Kerala: An Explanatory Analysis. Working Paper No. 227, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum.
Meharg AA, Cairney JWG. 2000. Co-evolution of mycorrhizal symbionts and their hosts to metal-contaminated environments. Adv Ecol Res., 30:69-112.
Miller RM, Jastrow JD. 1992. The application of VA mycorrhizae to ecosystem restoration and reclamation. In: Allen MF (ed) Mycorrhizal Functioning. Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London, England, 438-467.
Mohanan C. 2003. Mycorrhizae in forest plantations: association, diversity and exploitation in planting stock improvement. KFRI Research Report No. 252, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala.
Mohankumar V, Mahadevan A. 1987. Survey of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in mangrove vegetation. Curr Sci., 55:936.
Mulligan ME, Smucker JM, Safir JF. 1985. Tillage modifications of dry edible bean root colonization by VAM fungi. Agron J, 77:140-144.
Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizas of plants growing in the Western Ghats region, Southern India. Mycorrhiza, 9:297-313.
Narayanan NC. 1995. Issues in sustainable landuse: a micro-level study in Madakkathara area, Trichur District. In: Pillai PP and Nair RP (eds) Understanding Ecologically Sustainable Economic Development. Institute of Planning and Applied Economic Research, Thrissur, Kerala, 87-103.
Ocampo JA, Hayman DS. 1980. Effect of pesticides on mycorrhiza in field grown barley, maize and potatoes. Trans. Br. Mycol Soc., 74:413-416.
Oehl F, Sieverding E, Ineichen K, Mäder P, Boller T, Wiemken A. 2003. Impact of landuse intensity on the species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems of Central Europe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69:2816-28240.
Panikar PGK. 1980. Recent trends in area under production of rice in Kerala. Working Paper No. 116, Centre for Development Studies, Trivandrum.
Philips JM, Hayman DS. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc., 55:158-161.
Porter WM. 1979. The most probable number method for enumerating infective propagules of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil. Aust J Soil Res., 17:515-518.
Porter WM, Robson AD, Abbot LK. 1987. Field survey of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to pH. J Appl Ecol., 24:659-662.
Ragupathy S, Mahadevan A. 1993. Distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plants and rhizosphere soils of tropical plains, Tamil Nadu, India. Mycorrhiza. 3:123-136.
Ragupathy S, Mohankumar V, Mahadevan A. 1990. Occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae in tropical hydrophytes. Aqua Botanica. 36:287-291.
Sankar S, Chandrashekara UM. 2002. Development and testing of sustainable agroforestry models in different agroclimatic zone of Kerala with emphasis on socio-cultural, economic, technical and institutional factors affecting the sector. KFRI Research Report 234. Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala.
Sankaran KV, Balasundaran M, Thomas TP, Sujatha MP. 1993. Litter dynamics, microbial associations and soil studies in Acaia auriculiformis plantations in Kerala, KFRI Research Report No. 91, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala.
Schenck NC, Perez Y. 1990. Manual for the Identification of Mycorrhizal Fungi. Synergistic Publications, Gainesville.
Sengupta A, Chaudhuri S. 1990. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pioneer salt marsh plants in the Ganges River Delta in West Bengal (India). Plant and Soil, 122:111-113.
Shannon CE, Wiener W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Presss, Urbano.
Shi ZY, Wang FY, Wei YL, Chen YL. 2007. Observations of arbuscular mycorrhizas on Dipterocarpaceae grown in tropical rainforest in China. J Agri and Environ Sci., 2:247-254.
Smith SE, Read DJ. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, 2nd edn. Academic Press Ltd., London, England.
Strzemska J. 1975. Mycorrhiza in farm crops grown in monoculture. In: Sanders et al., (eds) Endomycorrhizas. Academic Press, London. 527-537.
Thampi CJ. 1995. Sustainable landuse; farming systems and land policy. In: Pillai PP and Nair RP (eds) Understanding ecologically sustainable economic development. Institute of Planning and Applied Economic Research, Thrissur, Kerala. 75-86.
Thapar HS, Khan SN. 1985. Distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in forest soils of India. Ind J For. 8:5-7.
Visalakshi N. 1997. Dynamics of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in two tropical dry evergreen forests, South India. Int J Ecol Environ Sci., 23:25-36.
Copyright license for the research articles published in Journal of Research in Biology are as per the license given below
Creative Commons License
Journal of Research in Ecology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). (www.creativecommons.org)
Based on a work at www.jresearchbiology.com
What this License explains us?
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
for any purpose, even commercially.
This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
[As given in the www.creativecommons.org website]
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.