Keywords
pre-diabetes
hypertension
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable disease diabetes mellitus is on the rise globally and developing countries are also witnessing the burden. Once diabetes is diagnosed, adequate treatment requires a significant amount of resources for patients of low economic standing. Being a chronic disease, there is great scope for cost effective strategies like motivation and health awareness in controlling this lifelong disease. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intensive health education on the control of this chronic life long disease.
Methods: Nine villages were screened for diabetes among subjects aged above 20 years. Among the identified cases, data on blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical profile were assessed. Their knowledge on the disease was also assessed. Based on their level of knowledge an education programme was planned. Fifty volunteers (25 males and 25 females)were chosen from the cases and were given an intensive personalized health education with the aim of motivating them to have effective control over the disease. The blood parameters such as HbA1c, Fasting blood glucose, HDL, LDL, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria, along with Body Mass Index (BMI) and Blood Pressure (BP) were assessed both before and after three months of intervention through health education. The results were statistically analyzed for interpretation using t-test.
Results: Through the study 68 new cases and 163 old cases of diabetes were identified. Among the new cases 60.3% were pre-diabetics, 62.6% did not have control over the disease, 48.9% had varied grades of hypertension and 21.6% were pre-hypertensive. More than 90% of the cases had no idea on the complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT). The effect of intervention showed significant difference in BP, HbA1c, LDL, urea, creatinine and microalbuminuria but HDL, Waist Hip Ratio (WHR) and BMI did not have any significant difference.
Conclusion: Personalized diet counseling and health awareness on DM and HT had been found to be an effective means for achieving good control over this chronic lifelong disease and in preventing the dreaded complications of the disease among the rural population with low socioeconomic background.
References
Deo SS, Zantye A, Mokal R, Mithbawkar S, Rane S, Thakur K. 2006. To identify the risk factors for high prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Indian rural population. Int J Diab Dev Ctries 26:19-23.
American Diabetes Association. 2007. Diagnosis and classification of Diabetes Mellitus (Position Statement), Diabetes care. 30:S48.
"Executive summary: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2010". Diabetes Care 33 (Suppl 1): S4-10. 2010.
Kathleen Mahan L and Sylvia Escott-Stump. 2004. “Krauses food nutrition and diet therapy”, 11th edition, 424.
Lt Gen SR Mehta, VSM, Col AS Kashyap, Lt Col S Das. 2009. ‟Diabetes Mellitus in India: „The Modern Scourge‟, MJAFI, 65(1):50-54.
Mahan K, Escott- Stump S. 2008. Krause, Food and Nutrition Therapy, ,Chapter 30 12th edition, Elsevier Inc., 771.
Mohan V, Deepa R, Deepa M, somannavar S, Datta M. 2005. „A simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening for undiagnosed diabetic subjects.‟ J. Assoc Physicians India, 53:759-63
Mohan V, Sudha V, Deepa R, Radhika G, Radha V, Remam. 2007. Gene-environment interactions and the diabetes epidemic in India.
Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Kapur A, Vijay V, Mohan V, Das AK, Rao PV, Yajnik CS, Prasanna Kumar KM, Nair JD. 2001. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India. National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia 44(9):1094-101.
Ramaiya KL, Kodali VR, Alberti KG. 1990. Epidemiology of diabetes in Asians of the Indian Subcontinent. Diab Metabol Rev., 6(3):125-46.
Rao PV, Ushabala P, Seshaiah V, Ahuja MMS, Mather HM. 1989. The Eluru survey: prevalence of known diabetes in a rural Indian population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract., 7:29-31.
Richard W and Nesto MD. 2008. LDL Cholesterol Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes: What Is the Optimum Approach? Clinical Diabetes, 26(1-13).
Rosenson RS. 2005. HDL-C and the diabetic patient: Target for therapeutic intervention? Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;68 Suppl 2:S36-42. Epub 2005 7.
Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB and Levy D. 2001. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med., 345(18):1291-7.
Viswanathan M, McCarthy MI, Snehalatha C, Hitman GA, Ramachandran A. 1996. Familial aggregation of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in south India; absence of excess maternal transmission. Diab Med., 31:232-37.
World Health Organization, WHO STEPS Instrument (Core and Expanded). 2010. The WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) – Instrument v2.1. Geneva, assessed on 28.
Copyright license for the research articles published in Journal of Research in Biology are as per the license given below
Creative Commons License
Journal of Research in Ecology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). (www.creativecommons.org)
Based on a work at www.jresearchbiology.com
What this License explains us?
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
for any purpose, even commercially.
This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
[As given in the www.creativecommons.org website]
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.