Keywords
Cyprinus carpio
poultry by-product meal
fish meal
How to Cite
Abstract
Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous rations containing various levels (0% or control), 33%, 67% and 100% of fish meal) of poultry by-product meal (PBM) were fed to three replicate groups of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 15.40±0.03 g. 50 fish per tank were tested for 10 weeks in 500 l fibreglass tanks. Average weight gain of carp fingerlings fed the control were significantly (P<0.05) higher (42.63±0.66) compared to fish fed 33%, 67% and 100% PBM of fish meal (30.14±0.06, 25.91±0.48 and 19.77±0.07, respectively). Significant variation in feed conversation ratios which varied between 1.71±0.02 and 2.81±0.03 for the control and 100% PBM, respectively, were obtained among the groups. Similarly, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of PBM increased. However, condition factor, dress out percentage and the whole body composition didn’t exhibit any significant variation among the test groups
References
Akyıldız R. 1984. Yemler Bilgisi Laboratuvar Kılavuzu. Ank. ـniv. Zir. Fak. Yay: 895, Uygulama Kılavuzu III, Ankara ـniv. Basımevi, Ankara., 236.
Alexis MN, Papoutsoglou EP and Thecohari V. 1985. Formulation of practical diets for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) made by partial or complete substitution of fish meal by poultry by products and certain plant by-products. Aquaculture., 50:61-73.
Appelbaum S, Birkan V and Prilutzly A. 1996. Use of chicken meal as a substitute for fish meal in the diet of young eels. Archives of Polish Fisheries 4:141-145.
Barlow S. 1997. Fish meal-supply limits demand. Feed Tech., 1(1):34-35.
Belal IEH, Al-Owaifeir A and Al-Dosari M. 1995. Replacing fish meal with chicken offal silage in commercial Oreochromis niloticus (L.) feed. Aquaculture Research 26:855-858.
Davis DA and Arnold CR. 2000. Replacement of fishmeal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture., 185:291-298.
Davies SJ, Williamson J, Robinson M and Robert IB. 1989. Practical inclusion levels of common animal by-products in complete diets for tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters). Proc. Third Int. Symp. on Feeding and Nutr. in Fish, Toba, Japan. 326-332.
Dong FM, Hardy RW, Haard NF, Borrows FI, Rasco BA, Fairgrieve WT and Forster IP. 1993. Chemical composition and protein digestibility of poultry by-product meals for salmonid diets. Aquaculture 116:149-158.
El-Sayed AFM. 1998. Total replacement of fish meal with animal protein sources in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) feeds. Aquaculture Research 29:275-280.
Fowler LG. 1990. Feather meal as a dietary protein source during parr-smolt transformation in fall Chinook salmon. Aquaculture 89:301-314.
Fowler LG. 1991. Poultry by product meal as a dietary protein source in fall chinook salmon diets. Aquaculture 99:309-321.
Gallagher ML and Degani G. 1988. Poultry meal and poultry oil as sources of protein and lipid in the diet of European Eels (Anguilla anguilla). Aquaculture 73:177-187.
Goddard S. 1996. Feed Management in Intensive Aquaculture. Chapman & Hall. Press, New York, 194.
Gouveia AJR. 1992. The use of poultry by-product and hydrolised feather meal as a feed for rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss). Publicacoes do Instituto de Zoologia 227:24.
Hardy RW. 1996. Alternate protein sources for salmon and trout diets. Animal Feed Science and Chnology 59:71-80.
Hardy RW. 2000. New developments in aquatic feed ingredients, and potential of enzyme supplements. L.E. Cruz-Suلrez, D. Ricque-Marie, M. Tapia- Salazar, M.A. Olvera-Novoa, and R. Civera- Cerecedo, (Eds.), Avaces en Nutriciَn Acuicola V. Memorias del V Simposium Internacional de Nutriciَn Acuicola, Mérida, Yucatلn, Mexico. 216-226.
Hasan MR, Akand AM and Siddiqua A. 1993. Studies on poultry offal meal and silk worm pupae meal as dietary protein sources for Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton). Bangladesh Journal of Training and Development 6:55-66.
Hasan MR and Das PM. 1993. A Preliminary study on the use of poultry offal meal as dietary protein source for the fingerlings of Indian major carp, Laboe rohita (Hamilton). S.J. Kaushik and P. Luquet (Eds.), Fish Nutrition Practise, Institut National de la Recheche Agronomique, Paris. 793-801.
Hasan MR and Amin MR. 1997. Effect of processing techniques on the nutritional quality of poultry offal meal. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries, 20:139-144.
Hasan MR, Haq MS, Das RM and Mowlah G. 1997. Evaluation of poultry feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian major carp, Labeo rohita Fry. Aquaculture., 151:47-54.
Higgs DA, Markert JR, Macourarie DW, Mcbride JR, Dosanjh BS, Nichols C and Hoskins G. 1979. Development of practical dry diets for coho salmon, Oncorynchus kisutch, using poultry by-product meal, feather meal, soybean meal and and rapeseed meal as major protein sources. K. Tiews and J.E. Halver (Eds.), Finfish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology, Vol. II, Hieennemann Gmbh, Berlin. 191-218.
Kaushik SJ. 1995. Nutrient requirements, supply and utilization in the context of carp culture. Aquaculture 129:225-241.
McCallum IM and Higgs D. 1989. An assessment of processing effects on the nutritive value of marine protein sources for juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Aquaculture 77:181- 200.
Metailler R. 1987. Experiments in nutrition. A. Bruno, (Ed.), Nutrition and Marine Aquaculture, Tunisia, Lisbon. 304-320.
Nengas I, Alexis MN and Davies SJ. 1999. High inclusion levels of poultry meals and related by products in diets for gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Aquaculture 179:13-23.
NRC. 1993. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washigton DC. 114.
Opstvedt J, Miller R, Hardy RW and Spinelli J. 1984. Heat-induced changes in sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in fish protein and their effect on protein and amino acid digestibility in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry., 32:929-935.
Rumsey G. 1994. What is the future of fish meal use? Feed International 15:10-16.
Sadiku SOE and Jauncey K. 1995. Soybean flourpoultry meat meal blend as dietary protein source in practical diets of Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus. Asian Fisheries Science., 8:159-167.
Sevgili H. 2002. Gokkusagı Alabalıgı (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rasyonlarında tavuk mezbaha artıkları ununun, balık unu yerine kullanılma olanakları. MSc thesis. Antalya: University of Mediterranean.
Shepherd T. 1998. Rendered products in aquaculture feeds. S. Frasen (Ed.), International Aqua Feed. 4:13-17.
Steffens W. 1988. Utilization of poultry byproducts meal for raising carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio). Archieves of Animal Nutrition., 38:147-152.
Steffens W. 1994. Replacing fish meal with poultry byproduct meal in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 124:27-34.
Tacon AGJ and Jackson AJ. 1985. Utilization of conventional and unconventional protein sources in practical fish feeds. C.B. Cowey, A.M. Mackie and J.G. Bell (Eds.), Nutrition and Feeding in Fish, Academic Press. 119-145.
Weatherup RN and McCracken KJ. 1999. Changes in rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss (Walbaum), body composition with weight. Aquaculture Research 30:305-307.
Webster CD, Thompson KR, Morgan AM, Grisby EJ and Gannam AL. 2000. Use of hempseed meal, poultry by-product meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for sunshine bass (Morone chrysop x M. saxatilis). Aquaculture 188:299-309.
Copyright license for the research articles published in Journal of Research in Biology are as per the license given below
Creative Commons License
Journal of Research in Ecology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). (www.creativecommons.org)
Based on a work at www.jresearchbiology.com
What this License explains us?
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
for any purpose, even commercially.
This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
[As given in the www.creativecommons.org website]
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.