Effect of drought stress on protein and proline metabolism in seven traditional rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) genotypes of Assam, India
Abstract
Abiotic stresses can directly or indirectly affect the physiological status of an organism by altering its metabolism, growth, and development. Many plant species naturally accumulate proline and protein as major organic osmolytes when subjected to different abiotic stresses. These compounds are thought to play adaptive roles in mediating osmotic adjustment and protecting sub cellular structures in stressed plants. Different approaches have been contemplated to increase the concentrations of proline like compounds in plants grown under stress conditions to increase their stress tolerance. Seven different traditional rice varieties of Assam were evaluated for their response to osmolyte production under physiological drought condition through simulation at three levels of osmotic stress of 0.15 bar, 0.25 bar and 0.56 bar of physiological drought initiated by polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). Along with the evaluation for osmolyte response the different components of genotypic variation for six different drought-sustaining characters in the seven rice varieties were also substantiated. The results indicated that plant height and seed number have significant genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) and heritability. Verities like Laodubi, Leserihali, Beriabhanga and Borah were screened out as the best drought sustaining variety
References
Ashraf M and Harrish PJC. 2004. Potential biochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in plants.
Plant Sc., 166:3-16.
Ashraf M. Foolad MR. 2007. Role of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Env. And Experimental Botany 59:206-216.
Ashraf M. Leary O’ JW. 1996. Effect of drought stress on growth, water relations and gas exchange of two lines of sunflower differing in degree of salt tolerance. Int. J.Plant. Sci., 157:729-732.
Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). 1983. Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. Contribution No. 32 to the handbook on Seed Testing.
Association of Official Seed Analysis (AOSA). 1991. Rules for testing seeds. J. Seed Technol., 12:18-19.
Baruah KK and Singh K and Kumar A. 1998. Evaluation of Drought tolerance in groundnut Stress and
Environmental Plant Physiology Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 145-152.
Baruah KK, Bhuyan SS, Ghosh TJ and Pathak AK. 1998. Response of rice genotypes to moisture stress
imposed at seedling stage. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 3(3):181-184.
Bates LS, Walden RP and Teare ID. 1973. Plant Soil. 39:205.
Bunting AH and Kasam AH. 1988. Principles of crop water use, dry matter production that govern choice of crops and systems. In:Drought research priorities for the dryland Tropics. (Eds.) bidinger, F. R. and Johansen, C ICRISAT, Pathancheru, 43-61.
Burton GW. 1952. Quantitative inheritance in grasses. Proc. 6th Intern, Grasslands Congr., 1:277-283.
Chezen O, hartwig W, Newman PM. 1995. The different effects of PEG-6000 and NaCl on leaf
development are associated with differential inhibition of root water transport. Plant Cell. 18:727-735.
Chinard EP. 1952. J Biol Chem., 199:91.
Chinoy JJ, Singh YD and Gurumurti K. 1974. biosynthesis of ascorbic acid and mobilization patterns of macromolecules during water stressing germinating Ciser seedling . Biol. Plant. (Prague) 16:301-307.
Cutler JM, Sahan KW and Steponkus PL. 1980. Alteration of the internal water relations of rice in
response to Drought hardening . Crop Sci., 20:307-310.
Everiff JH. 1983. Seed germination characteristics of three weedy plants species from south Taxas. J.Range. Mange. 36:246-249.
Foolad MR. 1999b. Comparison of salt tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth in tomato by QTL mapping. Genome 42:727-734.
Foolad MR, Zhang L, Subbiah P. 2003a. Genetics of drought tolerance during seed germination in tomato: inheritance and QTL mapping. Genome. 46:536-545.
Foolad MR, Subbiah P, Kramer C, Hargrave G, Lin GY. 2003b. Genetic relationships among cold, salt and drought tolerance during seed germination in an interspecific cross of tomato. Euphytica. 130:199-206.
Genkel PA, Satarova NA and Tvorus EK. 1967. Effect of drought on protein synthesis and the state of
ribosomed in plants . Fiziol, Rast., 14:898-907.
Hadas A. 1976. Water uptake and germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water
potential in osmoticum solution . J.Exp.Bot., 27:480-489.
Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Zhu JK, Bohnert HJ. 2000. Plant cellular and molecular responses to high
salinity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 51:463-499.
Holmberg N, Bulow L. 1998. Improving stress tolerance in plant by gene transfer. Trends Plant Sci.,
:61-66.
Hsiao TC. 1970. Rapid changes in the levels of polyribosomes in Zea mays in reponse to water stress.
Plant Physiol., 46:281-285.
Huck MG. Kleper B and Taylor MM. 1970. Diurnal variation in root diameter. Plant Physiol., 45:529-530.
Jha BN, Singh RA. 1997. Physiological responses of rice varieties to different levels of moisture stress. Plant Physiol., 2(1):81-84.
Jiang Y, Macdonald SE, Zwiazak JJ. 1995. Effects of cold storage and water stress on water relations and gas exchange of white spruce (Picea glauca) seedlings. Tree Phsiol., 15:267-273.
Johnson HW, Haward CL and Khan AR. 1955a. Genotypic, Phenotypic correlations in soyabean and their implication in selection. Agron. J., 47:477-483.
Johnson HW, Robinson HF and Comstock RE. 1955b. Estimates of genetic and environmental
variability in soyabean. Agron. J., 47:314-318.
Karan Singh and Kakralya BL. 2001. Seed physiological approach for evaluation of Drought
tolerance in groundnut Stress and Environmental Plant Physiology (Eds. K K Bora and Karan Singh and Arvind Kumar pp Pointer Publishers, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. 45 -152.
Kasuga M, Liu W, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. 1999. Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stressinducible transcription factor. Nat. Biotechnol., 17:287-291.
Lowry OH. Rosenbrough NJ. Farr AL. Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J.Biol. Chem., 193:265-275.
Midaoui M, El. Serieys H and Kaan F. 2003. Effects of osmotic and water stresses on root and shoot
morphology and seed yield in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes breed for morocco or issued from introgression with H. argophyllus T. & G. and H. debilis Nutt. HELIA. 26. Nr. 38:1-16.
Prabhavathi V, Yadav JS, Kumar PA, Rajam MV. 2002. Abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic eggplant
(Solanum melongena L.) by introduction of bacterial mannitol phophodehydrogenase gene. Mol. Breeding 9:137-147.
Ranjbarfordoei A, Samson R, Damne PV and Lemeur R. 2000. Effects of drought stress induced by
polyethylene glycol on pigment content and photosynthetic gas exchange of Pistacia khinjuk and P
mutica. Photosynthetic. 38(3):443-447.
Rontein D, Basset G, Hanson AD. 2002. Metabolic engineering of osmoprotectant accumulation in plants. Metab. Eng., 4:49-56.
Sarkar RK, Reddy JN, Sharma SG and Abdelbagi MI. 2006. Physiological basis of submergence tolerance in rice and implication for crop improvement. Curr. Sci., 9(7):899-906.
Serraj R. Sinclair TR. 2002. Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions? Plant Cell Env., 25:333-341.
Serrano R, Culia˜nz-Macia FA, Moreno V. 1999. Genetic engineering of salt and drought tolerance with yeast regulatory genes. Sci. Hort., 78:261-269.
Shah CB and loomis RS. 1975. Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in sugar beet during drought. Plant Physiol., 18:240-254.
Sharif-zadeh and Mohsen J. 2008. Influence of priming techniques on seed germination behavior of maize inbreed lines (Zea mays L.) Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 3(3):22-25.
Singh DP. 2003. Water deficit stress in Stress physiology, New age Publishers, N Delhi. 64-79.
Singh K and Afria BS. 1988. Seed technological approach for evaluation of drought tolerance in wheat
germplasm . Proc. Nation Semin. Seed Sci Tech. Ed. T.P. Yadav and Changi Ram, HAU, Hissar., 72-178.
Tyagi A, Kumar N and Sairam RK. 1999. Efficacy o RWC, membrane stability, osmotic potential, endogenous ABA and root biomass as indices for selection against water stress in rice. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 4(4):302-306.
Zhu JK. 2001a. Plant salt tolerance. Trends Plant Sci., 2:66-71.
Zhu JK. 2002. Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant
Mol. Biol., 53:247-273
