Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated from Chlorella marina on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema
Keywords:
Microalgae, Chlorella marina, lycopene, anti-inflammation
Abstract
Even though role of lycopene (all-trans) in controlling inflammation was reported, lycopene (cis and all-trans 40:60) isolated from green algae Chlorella marina was not reported so far. In this present study inflammation was induced in male Sprague dawley rats and edema was produced acutely by injecting 0.1 ml of carrageenan into the plantar region of the right hind paw of the rats subcutaneously. Intra peritoneal administration of algal lycopene (AL) at the dose of 10 mg/kg b.wt showed maximum (83%) inhibition on paw edema. The anti- inflammatory effect was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in rats fed with algal lycopene when compared to the standard drug voveran (71%) and all- trans tomato lycopene (TL) (63%). Carrageenan induced rats showed elevated levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities in monocytes. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum, C- reactive protein (CRP) and ceruloplasmin activity in plasma was also high in carrageenan induced rats when compared to normal. Lycopene from Chlorella marina showed significant effect in reducing the above parameters to that of the standard drug while tomato lycopene showed less effect when compared to algal lycopene. Therefore algal lycopene from Chlorella marina would be recommended for the treatment of anti-inflammatory disorders.
References
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Yamamoto S. 1992. Mammalian lipoxygenases: molecular structures and functions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta; 1128 (1-2): 117–131.
Bradley PP, Priebat DA, Christensen RD and Rothstein G. 1982. Measurement of cutaneous inflammation: estimation of neutrophil content with an enzyme marker. J Invest Dermatol; 78:206-209.
Clinton SK, Emenhiser C, Schwartz SJ, Bostwick DG, Williams AW, Moore BJ and Erdman JW. 1996. Cis-trans lycopene isomers, carotenoids, and retinol in the human prostate. Cancer. Epidemiol. Biomar. Preven; 5 (10): 823–833.
Fish WW, Perkins Veazie P and Collins JK. 2002. Extraction of lycopene from tomato paste. J. Food. Compo.Analy., 15: 309–317.
Gamache DA, Povlishock JT and Ellis EF. 1986. Carrageenan induced brain inflammation. Characterization of the model. J Neurosurg., 65 (5): 679-685.
Goulet JL, Snouweart JN, Latour AM, and Coffman TM. 1994. Altered inflammatory responses in leukotriene-deficient mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci; 91 (26):12852–12856.
Henderson WR Jr. 1994. The role of leukotrienes in inflammation. Ann. Intern .Med; 121(9): 684-697.
Ibegbulem CO, Egbung GE, Okoro, KK, Kalu NN, Nwaogyu LA, and Igwe Ko. 2012. Hypothesized biochemical modes of action of palm oils used in ethno-medicine. J. Res. Biol; 2(6): 596–601.
Ishikawa E and Abe H. 2004. Lycopene accumulation and cyclic carotenoid deficiency in heterotrophic Chlorella treated with nicotine. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol; 31: 1367–5435.
James MW and Hawkey CJ. 2003. Assessment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) damage in the human gastrointestinal tract. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol; 56 (2): 146 -155.
Kushner I. 1991. C-reactive protein in rheumatology. Arth. Rheum; 34, 1065–1068.
Lichtenthaler Hk. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic Biomembrane. Methods. Enzymol; 147: 350-382.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AC and Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem; 193:265–267.
Maxwell SR, Payne RA, Murray GD and Webb DJ. 2006. Selectivity of NSAIDs for COX-2 and cardiovascular outcome. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol; 62: 243-245.
Mullane KM, Kraemer R and Smith B. 1985. Myeloperoxidase activity as a quantitative assessment of neutrophil infiltration into ischaemic myocardium. J. Pharmacol.Methods; 14 (3): 157-167.
Nathan C. 2002. Points of control in inflammation. Nature, 420 (6917): 846-852
Otterness IG and Bliven ML. 1985. Laboratory models for testing non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Ed.by J.G.Lombardino Wiley.Newyork. 220: 111-114.
Pepys MB and Hirschfield GM. 2003. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J .Clin .Invest; 111: 1805-1812.
Peskar BM. 1991. Role of leukotriene C4 in mucosal damage caused by necrotizing agents and Indomethacin in rat stomach. Gastroenterol; 100 (3): 619–626.
Pinky Baruah and Goswai UC. 2012. Characterization of carotenoid pigments in amphibian. J. Res. Biol; 2: 114-118.
Radhika A, Jacob SS and Sudhakaran PR. 2007. Influence of oxidatively modified LDL on monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Mol. Cell .Biochem; 305:133-143.
Ravin H A. 1961. An improved colorimetric enzymatic assay of ceruloplasmin. J. Lab. Clin. Med; 58: 161-168.
Revnic F. 1995. The significance of Serum Ceruloplasmin in Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Toxicol. Lett; 78: 70-70.
Serhan CN and Levy B. 2003. Success of prostaglandin E2 in structure–function is a challenge for structure-based therapeutics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:8609-8611.
Shaish A, Ben Amotz and Avron M. 1992. Biosynthesis of β carotene in Dunalialla. Methods. Enzymol; 213: 439-444.
Shi J and Le Mague M. 2000. Lycopene in tomatoes: chemical and physical properties affected by food Processing. Critical Reviews in Food. Sci. Nutr; 40: 1–42.
Shimizu T, Kondo K and Hayaishi O. 1984. Role of prostaglandin endoperoxides in the serum thiobarbituric acid reaction. Arch. Biochem. Biophys; 206:271–276.
Stahl W and Sies H. 1992. Uptake of lycopene and its geometrical isomers is greater from heat Processed than from unprocessed tomato juice in humans. J. Nutr; 122 (11): 2161-2166.
Stahl W and Sies H. 1996. Lycopene: a biologically important carotenoid for humans? Arch. Biochem. Biophy; 336, 1-9.
Walne PR. 1970. Studies on the food value of nineteen genera of algae to juvenile bivalves of the genera Ostrea, Crassostrea, Mercenaria, and Mytilis. Fish. Invest; 26: 1–62.
Werz O, Schneider N, Brungs M, Sailer E, Safayhi H and Ammon H. 1997. A test system for leukotriene synthesis inhibitors based on in vitro differentiation of human leukemic cell lines HL-60 and Mono Mac 6 Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch .Pharmacol; 356 (4): 441-445.
Winter CA, Risley EA and Nuss GW. 1962. Carrageenan-induced edema in hind paws of the rats as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs. Proc. Soc. Exp .Biol. Med; 111:544-547.
Yamamoto S. 1992. Mammalian lipoxygenases: molecular structures and functions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta; 1128 (1-2): 117–131.
Published
2013-04-23
How to Cite
GL, R., & G, M. K. (2013). Anti-inflammatory activity of lycopene isolated from Chlorella marina on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Journal of Research in Biology, 3(3), 886-894. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/295
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