Effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on haematological profiles in Salmonellae typhi infested Wistar rats
Keywords:
Salmonellae typhi, Chromolaena odorata, Blood cells, Anti-haematotoxic, Rats
Abstract
Haematological indices provide an insight about the internal environment of a given organism. In this present study, the possible anti-haemototxic effect of Chromolaena odorata on Salmonellae typhi – induced haematotoxicity in rats were investigated. The experimental animals were divided into three groups. Group A received only food and water (control). Group B and C received in addition to food and water, single dose of stock Salmonellae typhi at a dose of 106cfu/ml. The animals in group B and C were allowed to be infected with Salmonellae typhi for 7 days and confirmed by widal test, after which group C was treated with 750mg/kg body weight/day ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata for 10 days. The result showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Corpuscular haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), neutrophil and increase in platelet, total White Blood Cell (WBC) and lymphocytes in animals infected with Salmonellae typhi when compared to the control non-infected group. Treatment of animals in group C with ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean values of RBC count, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCV, MCHC and decrease in platelets, WBC and lymphocytes when compared to the group infested with Salmonellae typhi only. The results above suggest the anti-haematotoxic potential of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata in Salmonellae typhi infested rats.
References
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Thang PT, Patrick S, Teik LS and Yung CS. 2005. Antioxidant effects of the extract from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata on human dermal fibroblast and epirdermal keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide and hypoxanthine-Xanthine oxidase induced damage. Burns 27(4):319-327.
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Uboh FE, Akpanabiatu MI, Alozie Y, Edet EE, Ndem JI and Ebong PE. 2009. Comparative effect of vitamin A and E on gasoline vapours-induced haematotoxicity and weight-loss in male rats. Int. J. Pharmacol., 5(3):215-221.
Uboh FE, Usoh IF, Nwankpa P and Obochi GI. 2012. Effect of oral exposure to Nitrocellulose thinner on haematological profiles of male Albino rats. American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2(4): 227-234.
Wilcock C and Manson-Bahr PEC. 1972. Manson’s tropical disease (17th edn). Macmillan, Tindall.
Alisi CS, Nwaogu LA, Ibegbulem CO and Ujowund CU. 2011. Antimicrobial action of methanol extract of Chromolaena odorata-Linn is logistic and exerted by inhibition of dehydrogenase enzymes. Journal of Research in Biology 1(3):209-216.
Baynes WJ and Dominiczak HM. 2005. Medical Biochemistry (2nd edn). Elseview Mosby Ltd, Philadelphia.
Crump JA, Luby SP and Mintz ED. 2004. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bulletin of World Health Organization 82(5):346-355.
Das BK and Mukherjee SC. 2003. Toxicity of cypermethrin in Labeo rohita fingerlings: Biochemical enzymatic and haematological consequence. Comp. Biochem. Physoil. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 134(1):109-121.
Dhembara AJ and Pondhe GM. 2000. Haematological changes in fish, Punctivs sophore exposed to some insecticides. J. Exp. Zool., India. 3:41-44.
Edet EE, Akpanabiatu MI, Uboh FE, Edet TE, Eno AE, Itam EH and Umoh B. 2011. Gongronema latifolium crude leaf extract reverses alterations in haemotological indices and weight-loss in diabetic rats. J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 6(2):174-181.
Iwu NM. 1993. Handbook of African Medical Plants. CRC Press London.
Jee LH, Masroor F and Kang JC. 2005. Responses of cypermethrin-induced stress in haematological parameters of Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) Aquacult. Res., 36(9):898-905.
Jones BD and Falkow S. 1996. Salmonellosis: Host Immune responses and bacterial virulence determination. Annual Review of Immunology 14:533-556.
Kayode AAA, Kayode OT, Aroyeun OA and Stephen MC. 2011. Haematologic and hepatic enzyme alterations associated with acute administration of Antiretroviral drugs. J. Pharmacol., Toxicol., 6(3):293-302.
Kirby B. 1960. Determination of anti-bacterial sensitivity. In (J. Ochie and A. Kochatkar, eds). Medical Laboratory Science, theory and practice (6th edn). McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 801-803.
Kotton C. 2007. Typhoid fever medicine plus http://www.n/m-nih.gov/medicineplys/cartride/001332.htm. Retrieved 04/05/2007.
Krause M and Mahan LK. 1984. Food, nutrition and diet therapy (7th edn). W.B. Sanders, Philadelphia.
Kumar DMHSA, Sushma NJ, Kumar DJS and Rao KJ. 1996. Haematological changes in albino rats under aldrin intoxication. Indian J. Compar. Anim. Physiol. 14:63-66.
Kumar KBH and Kuttan R. 2005. Chemopreventive activity of an extract of Phyllanthus amarus against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in mice. Phytomedicine 7:494-500.
Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA and Rodwell VW. 2007. Harper’s illustrated Biochemistry (26th edn). McGraw-Hill Companies, Asia 46-47.
Naaz F, Javed S and Abdinn MZ. 2007. Hepato-protective effect of ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus shcum, Thonn on aflatoxin B1-induced-liver damage in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113(3):503-509.
Nancy E, Saab OD, Abdala LR and Castillo MC. 2005. Antibacterial activity of Satureja boliviana. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and Advance Sciences 1(1):29-33.
Nwankpa P, Eteng MU, Oze G, Nwanjo HU and Ezekwe S. 2012. Effect of Chromolaena odorata on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress status in Salmonellae typhi infested wistar rats. Annals of Biological Research 3(100):4696-4700.
Obianime AW, Aprioku JS and Esomonu C. 2011. The effects of aqueous Ocimium gratissimum leaf extract on some biochemical and hematological parameters in male mice. Asian J. Biol. Sci., 4:44-52.
Okigbo RN and Ajalie AN. 2005. Inhibition of some human pathogens with tropical plant extracts – Chromolaena odorata and Citrus aurantifolia, and some antibiotics. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and Advance Sciences 1(1):34-40.
Parry CM, Hein TTS, Dougan G, Ehite NJ and Farar JS. 2002. Typhoid fever. New England Journal of Medicine 347:1770-1782.
Sanni FS, Ibrahim S, Esievo KAN and Sanni S. 2005. Effect of oral administration of aqueous extracts of Khaya Senegalensis stem bark on phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia in rats. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 8:255-258.
Savithri Y, Sekhar PR and Doss PJ. 2010. Changes in haematological profiles of albino rats under chlorpyrifos toxicity. Int. J. Pharma. Bio Sci. 1(3):1-7.
Steinberg EB, Bishop RB and Dempsey AF. 2004. Typhoid fever intravellers: who should be targeted for prevention? Clinical Infectious Disease 39(2):186-191.
Stipanuk MH. 2000. Biochemical and physiological aspects of human nutrition. W.B. Saunder, Philadelphia.
Suksamrarn A, Chotipong A, Suavansri T, Boongira S, Timsukasai P, Vimuttipong S and Chuaynugul A. 2004. Antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of flavonoids from the flowers of Chromolaena odorata. Archives of Pharmcaol. Research 27(95):507-511.
Synder R and Hedli CC. 1996. An overview of benzene metabolism (Review). Environ Health Perspect. 104:1165-1171.
Thang PT, Patrick S, Teik LS and Yung CS. 2005. Antioxidant effects of the extract from the leaves of Chromolaena odorata on human dermal fibroblast and epirdermal keratinocytes against hydrogen peroxide and hypoxanthine-Xanthine oxidase induced damage. Burns 27(4):319-327.
Timbilla JA and Braimah C. 2002. Successful biological control of Chromolaena odorata (L) King and Ribonson in Ghana. The potential of a regional programme in Africa. Proceedings of the 5th international workshop in biological control ad management of Chromolaena odorata, Durban South Africa.
Uboh FE, Akpanabiatu MI, Ebong PE and Umoh IB. 2007. Gender differences in the haematotoxicity and weight changes associated with exposure to gasoline vapours in wistar albino rats. Acta Toxicol., 15(2):125-131.
Uboh FE, Akpanabiatu MI, Alozie Y, Edet EE, Ndem JI and Ebong PE. 2009. Comparative effect of vitamin A and E on gasoline vapours-induced haematotoxicity and weight-loss in male rats. Int. J. Pharmacol., 5(3):215-221.
Uboh FE, Usoh IF, Nwankpa P and Obochi GI. 2012. Effect of oral exposure to Nitrocellulose thinner on haematological profiles of male Albino rats. American Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2(4): 227-234.
Wilcock C and Manson-Bahr PEC. 1972. Manson’s tropical disease (17th edn). Macmillan, Tindall.
Published
2013-05-11
How to Cite
P, N., AS, E., CO, I., & JN, E. (2013). Effect of Chromolaena odorata leaf extract on haematological profiles in Salmonellae typhi infested Wistar rats. Journal of Research in Biology, 3(3), 932-939. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/301
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