Epidemiological studies on hospital based incidence of Japanese encephalitis in the Jharkhand state of India
Keywords:
Japanese Encephalitis, hospital based incidence, Sensorium, Jharkhand, Kernig’s sign, Epidemic, seasonal pattern, pediatrics
Abstract
Study was conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Science (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, during June 2012 to September 2013. The objective of the study was to know the hospital based incidence of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) and to study the age, sex and seasonal pattern of infection. 219 cases were analyzed by the Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Ranchi with clinical diagnosis. These samples were experimentally tested to confirm Japanese encephalitis by IgM Antibody Capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC ELISA). Out of 219 cases, diagnosis was confirmed in 53 cases (24.20%) with male to female ratio of 0.89:1. All were below 15 yrs of age. Most of the cases were children. Clinically, fever (100%), altered sensorium (69.80%) headache (54.71%), neck rigidity (39.62%), Kernig’s sign (28.30%), convulsion (43.39%) and vomiting (35.80%) were the major findings observed. Majority of cases were from rural areas. The hospital based incidence of JE was found to be significant in the area of study. Effective measures should be taken to minimize disease transmission.
References
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Burke DS, Nisalak A and Gentry MK. 1987. Detection of flavivirus antibodies in human serum by epitope-blocking immunoassay. Journal of Medical Virology. 23(2): 165–173.
Cecilia D, Gadkari DA, Kedarnath N and Ghosh SN. 1988. Epitope mapping of Japanese Encephalitis virus envelope protein using monoclonal antibodies against an Indian strain. Journal of General Virology. 69: 2741-2747.
Erlanger TE, Weiss S, Keiser J, Utzinger J and Wiedenmayer K. 2009. Past, present, and future of Japanese Encephalitis. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 15(1): 1-7.
Fisher A and Yates F. 1963. Statistical tables for Biological Agricultural and Medical Research (6th Eds), Hafner Pub Co New York.
Guidelines for surveillance of acute encephalitis syndrome (with special reference to Japanese encephalitis) Government of India, 2006.
http://www.nvbdcp.gov.in/Doc/AES%20guidelines.pdf
Hoke CH, Nisalak A, Sangawhipa N, Jatanasen S, Laorakapongse T, Innis BL, Kotchasenee S, Gingrich JB, Latendresse J and Fukai K. 1988. Protection against Japanese encephalitis by inactivated vaccines. New England Journal of Medicine. 319(10): 608–614.
Kabilan L, Rajendran R, Arunachalam N, Ramesh S, Srinivasan S, Samuel PP and Dash AP. 2004. Japanese encephalitis in India: an overview. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 71(7): 609–615.
Kumar Rashmi. 1999. Viral encephalitis of public health significance in India: current status. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 66(1): 73-83.
Mackenzie JS. 2005. Emerging zoonotic encephalitis viruses: lessons from Southeast Asia and Oceania. Journal of Neurovirology. 11(5): 434-440.
Mani TR, Rao CV, Rajendran R, Devaputra M, Prasanna Y, Hanumaiah, Gajanana A and Reuben R. 1991. Surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in villages near Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 85(2): 287-291.
Misra UK and Kalita J. 2010. Overview: Japanese encephalitis. Progress in Neurobiology. 91(2): 108- 120
Namachivayam V and Umayal K. 1982. Proceedings of National Conference on Japanese Encephalitis (New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research. p. 30-33
NVBDC P. Directorate General of Health services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. New Delhi. http://nvbdcp.gov.in/je-cd.html.
Parida M, Dash PK, Tripathi NK, Ambuj, Sannarangaiah S, Saxena P, Surekha Agarwal, Ajay K. Sahni, Sanjay P. Singh, Arvind K. Rathi, Rakesh Bhargava, Ajay Abhyankar, Shailendra K Verma, Putcha V Lakshmana Rao and Krishnamurthy Sekhar. 2006. Japanese encephalitis outbreak, India, 2005. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12(9):1427–1430.
Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE and Ridker PM. 2001. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association. 286(3): 327–334.
Ravi V, Desai AS, Shenoy PK, Satishchandra P, Chandramuki A and Gourie-Devi M. 1993. Persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus in the human nervous system. Journal of Medical Virology. 40(4): 326–329.
Solomon T. 2004. Under laboratory conditions Culex species Cx. tritaeniorrhynchus, Cx. geldius, Cx. pseudovishnui and Cx. fuscocephala have found to be very efficient vectors for JEV transmission. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 68(9): 405–415.
Solomon T. 2006. Control of Japanese encephalitis - within our grasp? New England Journal of Medicine. 355(9): 869–871.
Solomon T and Winter PM. 2004. Neurovirulence and host factors in flavivirus encephalitis-evidence from clinical epidemiology. Archives of Virology Suppl. (18): 161- 670.
Tsai TF. 2000. New initiatives for the control of Japanese encephalitis by vaccination: minutes of a WHO/CVI meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 13-15 October 1998. Vaccine. 18(2):1-25.
Van den Hurk AF, Ritchie SA and Mackenzie JS. 2009. Ecology and geographical expansion of Japanese encephalitis virus. Annual Review of Entomology. 54: 17-35.
WHO, 1980. Japanese encephalitis in India, international Document 1980 and WHO manual march 2007.
Published
2015-01-28
How to Cite
Alam Md, N., NP, S., & Ahmad Md, S. (2015). Epidemiological studies on hospital based incidence of Japanese encephalitis in the Jharkhand state of India. Journal of Research in Biology, 5(1), 1611-1618. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/369
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