Conduct of pigs and prevalence of Cysticercosis (Cysticercus cellulosae) in the urban breeding’s of N'Djamena (Chad)
Keywords:
Cysticercosis, pig breeding, carcass, prevalence, disease status, N'Djamena (Chad)
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to know the conduct of pig farms, the state of cysticercosis and its consequences on the quality of production of pigs in N'Djamena, Chad. Three methods were used: (i) the transverse and retrospective survey for information related to the conduct and hygiene in 64 farms sampled in eight blocks belonging to three districts, (ii) the langueyage to observe cysts and (iii ) documentary investigation for total seizures in the slaughter house over six years. All farms had barns which were considered in good condition (66%). However, most of the farms (91%) did not practice permanent confinement. The majority (81%) accounted for two per day of food distributions to pigs against three for the minority (19%). According to 64% of the farmers, 50% of citizens of their respective square have latrines. Of 861 pigs identified, 20% were examined and 9.7% were carriers of cysts. Carcasses at slaughter percentage seizures ranged from 2.5% to 5% depending on the year; an average of about 4% over six years. The prevalence of infestations remained generally lower than those observed in some cities of northern Cameroon. Losses were estimated to average 5,31,900 FCFA / year. Knowledge and practice of screening techniques for this disease by producers would minimize economic losses, improvement of production quality and avoiding human contamination. Further investigation seems necessary to highlight the animal health status and quality of pork production in this area.
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Zoli A, Geerts S and Vervoort T. 1987. An important focus of porcine and human cysticercosis in West Cameroon. In: Geert S., Kumar V., Brandt J., Eds, Helminth zoonoses. Dordrecht, Nertherlands, Martinus, Nijhoff, p. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. 43: 85 – 91.
Awa DN, Njoya A, Ngo Tama AC and Ekue FN. 1999. The healh status of pigs in North Cameroon, Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. 52 (2): 93 – 98
Boa ME, Bogh HO, Kassuku AA and Nansen P. 1995. The prevalence of Taenia solium metacestodes in pigs in northern Tanzania, Journal of Helminthology. 69(2): 113 – 117.
Direction des Statistiques, de la Programmation et de Suivi (DSPS). 2004. Rapport annuel des statistiques de l’année 2003. Ministère de l’Elevage, 42 p.
Eshitera EE, Githigia SM, Kitala P, Thomas LF, Fèvre EM, Harrison LJS, Mwihia EW, Otieno RO, Ojiambo F and Maingi N. 2012. Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in Homa Bay District, Kenya. BMC Veterinary Research. 8:234. Weblink: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/8/234.
Geerts S. 1993. The taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in Africa. Bull Séances Acad R Sci d' Outre-Mer 38: 245 – 264.
Geerts S. 1995. Cysticercosis in Africa, Parasitology Today. 11: 389.
Graber M and chailoux. 1970. Existence au Tchad de la ladrerie porcine à Cysticercus cellulosae (Rudolphi). Revue d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux. 23(1): 49 – 55.
Gweba M, Faleke OO, Junaidu AU, Fabiyi JP and Fajinmi AO. 2010. Some risk factors for Taenia solium cysticercosis in semi-intensive raised pigs in Zuru, Nigeria, Veterinaria Italiana. 46(1): 57-67.
Iemvt. 1989. Précis d’élevage du porc en zone tropicale. Collection Manuels et précis d’élevage, 2ème édition, La documentation française, Paris (France), 331 p
Karshima NS, Bobbo AA, Udokainyang AD and Salihu AA. 2013. Taenia Solium Cysticercosis in Pigs Slaughtered in IBI Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Journal of Animal Science Advances. 3(3): 109-113, Doi: 10.5455/jasa.20130331050432
Kiendrébeogo T, Mopaté LY and Kaboré-Zoungrana C-Y. 2014. The typology of the pig breeding in Burkina Faso: cases of the towns of Bobo-Dioulasso and Gaoua in soudanian area; Kaya and Dori in sahelian area. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research. 4(5):119-136.
Koussou MO. 1999. Produits nouveaux, négoce et développement local : le cas de la filière porcine au nord du Cameroun. Rapport de stage de D.E.S.S. Option « Productions animales en régions chaudes », Cirad-Emvt, Montpellier (France), 76 p.
Koussou MO, Duteurtre G. 2002. Les facteurs de compétitivité de la filière porcine dans le bassin du Logone. Communication présentée au colloque « Systèmes agro-alimentaires localisés –Syal», Montpellier, Cirad, octobre 2002, 13 p.
http://pigtrop.cirad.fr/fr/vie_scientifique/economie_Logone.htm,
Mopaté LY, Koussou MO. 2003. L’élevage porcin, un élevage ignoré mais pourtant bien implanté dans les agro-sysèmes ruraux et périurbains du Tchad. In : Jamin JY, Seyni Boukar L et Floret C. (eds CD-ROM), Actes du colloque « Savanes africaines : des espaces en mutations, des acteurs face à des nouveaux défis », Garoua, Cameroun, 27 – 31 /05/2002, 9 p.
Mopaté LY, Koussou MO and Kaboré-Zoungrana C-Y. 2006a. L’élevage porcin au Tchad : bilan de l’introduction, de l’amélioration et de la diffusion des races exotiques, Bulletin d’Information sur les Ressources Génétiques Animales. 38: 87 – 98
Mopaté LY, Koussou MO, Kaboré-Zoungrana C-Y and Gouro A. 2006b. Commerce et consommation de la viande porcine dans la zone de N’Djaména (Tchad). Revue Sénégalaise de Recherches Agricoles et Agroalimentaires. (RSRAA) 1(2): 39 – 48.
Muhanguzi D, Lutwama V and Mwiine FN. 2012. Factors that influence pig production in Central Uganda - Case study of Nangabo Sub-County, Wakiso district, Veterinary World. 5(6): 346-351, doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2012.346-351
Murrell KD. 2005. Chapter 3, Epidemiology. In K.D. Murrell, ed. WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis. Paris, OIE (also available at http://www.oie.int/eng/publicat/ouvrages/A_taeniosis. htm).
Nguékam. 2003. Le Complexe – Taeniose – Cysticercose du à Taenia solium au Cameroun. Résumé de thèse de Doctorat en sciences vétérinaires. Département de Maladies Infectieuses et Parasitaires. Université de Liège et Département vétérinaire de l’Institut de Médecine Tropicale, Anvers, Belgique. 3 p.
Obonyo FO, Maingi N, Githigia SM and Ng’ang’a CJ. 2013. Farming practices and risk factors for transmission of helminths of free range pigs in Homabay District, Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 25, Retrieved August 21, 2014, from 25 (3) Weblink: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/3/bon25036.htm
Pawlowski ZS, Allan JC, Meinardi H. 2005. Chapter 6, Control. In K.D. Murrell, ed. WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniasis and cysticercosis. Paris, OIE (also available at http://www.oie.int/eng/)
Preux P M, Melaku Z, Druet-Cabanac M, Avode G, Grunitzky EK, Bouteille B, Cruz M, Dumas M. 1996. Cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in Africa : current status. Neurol. Inf. Epidemiol., 1: 63 – 68.
Tsang VC and WiIson M. 1995. Taenia solium cysticercosis: An under recognized but serious publica health problem. Parasitology Today. 11(3): 124 – 126.
Urban Agriculture Magazine (UAM). 2002. Cysticercosis, a zoonosis in rural and urban areas. 1 (1): 3 p.
Statistical Package for Social Sciences. 2009. Version 17.0, SPSS Incorporated, Illinois.
Zoli A, Geerts S and Vervoort T. 1987. An important focus of porcine and human cysticercosis in West Cameroon. In: Geert S., Kumar V., Brandt J., Eds, Helminth zoonoses. Dordrecht, Nertherlands, Martinus, Nijhoff, p. Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science. 43: 85 – 91.
Published
2015-02-17
How to Cite
Youssouf, M. L., Antipas, B.- bo B., & Chantal-Yvette, K.-Z. (2015). Conduct of pigs and prevalence of Cysticercosis (Cysticercus cellulosae) in the urban breeding’s of N’Djamena (Chad). Journal of Research in Biology, 5(1), 1627-1634. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/371
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