Nutritional composition and fungal spoilage of African pear (Dacryodes edulis) fruits sold in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria
Keywords:
Fungal spoilage, fungal pathogens, nutritional composition, rot tolerance, storage stability
Abstract
The nutritional composition and fungal spoilage of Dacryodes edulis fruits were carried out in the Department of Forestry/ Environment Laboratory using standard procedures. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replicates. The fungal pathogens isolated from the rotted fruits were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The predominant spoilage causing fungi were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (60%) and Aspergillus niger (52%). Proximate analysis revealed that the affected fruits had significantly reduced (P<0.05) quality when compared to the uninfected fruits in terms of carbohydrate content, protein, oil content, moisture, crude fibre and Ash content. This work holds promise on the importance of the nutritional properties of the fruits in screening for rot tolerance and storage stability.
References
AOAC. 2004. Official methods of Analysis, 15th (Eds), Washington, D.C., USA.
Abigor RD, Okpefa E, Bafor ME, Uadia PO and Osagie AU. 1997. The physico-chemical properties of the seed and seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse 74(10):465-466.
Arisa NU and Lazarus A. 2008. Production and refining of Dacryodes edulis “native pear” seeds oil. African Journal of Biotechnology,7(9):1344-1346.
Awono A, Ndoye O, Schreckenberg K, Tabuna H, Isseri F and Temple L. 2002. Production and marketing of safou (Dacryodes edulis) in Cameroon and Internationally: Market development Issues. Forests Trees and Livelihoods, 12(1):125-147.
Barnett HL and Hunter BB. 1972. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, Burgess publishing company. Mimeapolis, U.S.A.
CMI. 2010. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, survey England. 401-460.
Chukunda FA. 2014. Post-harvest fungal Diseases of Persea gratissima (C.F. Gaertn) and Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam, fruits. Ph.D Thesis. Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Ckukunda FA and Nwonuala AI. 2013. Comparison of two storage methods on the quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 3(2):322-325.
Frazier, William C, Westhoff, Dennis C. 1998. Food Microbiology 4th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill Inc. New York.
Gadet MD, Nzikou JM, Etoumongo A, Linder M and Desobry S. 2005. Encapsulation and storage of safou pulp oil in 6DE maltodextrins. Process Biochemistry, 40(1):265-271
Ibanga OI and Okon DE. 2009. Minerals and Anti-nutrients in two varieties of African Pear (Dacryodes edulis). Journal of Food Technology, 7(4):106-110
.
Ikhuoria EU and Maliki M. 2007. Characterization of avocado pear (Persea americana) and African pear (Dacryodes edulis) extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (7):950-952.
Kapseu C and Tchiegang C. 1996. Composition de l'huile des fruits de deux cultivars de safou au Cameroun = Oil composition from two fruit types of African pear in Cameroon. Fruits, 51(3):185-191.
Kays SJ. 1991. Post-Harvest physiology of perishable plant products. Editor Kay, S.J and Avibook. 532.
Kinkela T and Bezard J. 1993. Characterization of the triglyceridic structure of safou pulp oil (Dacryodes edulis). Revue Francaise des Corps Gras, 40(11-12):373-382.
Burkill HM. 1985. The useful Plants of West Tropical Africa Vol 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 307-308.
Lam HJ, Omati U and Okiy DA. 1987. Characteristics and composition of the pulp oil and cake of the African pear, Dacryodes edulis. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 38(1):67-72.
Liao CH, McCallus DE, and Wells JM. 1993. Calcium-dependent pectate lyase production in the soft-rotting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phystopathology, 83(8):813-818.
Nwufo MI, Emebiri LC and Nwaiwu MY. 1989. Post harvest rot diseases of fruit of the African pear (Dacryodes edulis) in South eastern Nigeria. Tropical Science, 29(4):247- 254.
Omogbai BA and Ojeaburu SI. 2010. Nutritional composition and microbial spoilage of Dacryodes edulis fruits vended in Southern Nigeria. Science World Journal, 5(4):5-10.
Onifade AK, Atum HN and Adebolu TT. 2004. Nutrient enrichment of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) by solid substrate fermentation using four fungal species. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1):31-36.
Onwuka GI. 2005. Food Analysis and instrumentation (theory and Practice) 1st edn, Napthali prints Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. 140-160.
Osborne DR and Voogt P. 1978. The Analysis of Nutrient in Food, Academy, London.
Oyolu C. 1980. Maximizing the contribution of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) to the National conference of the chemical society of Nigeria held at the University of Ife, Nigeria.
Pearson D. 1976. The chemical analysis of Food. 7th ed. Church hill Livingstone, New York 575 pp.
Samson RA and Van Reenen-Hoekstra ES. 1995. Introduction of foodborne fungi. 4th Ed. Central bureavoor Schimme cultures Beam. The Netherlands.
Uraih N. 1990. Public Health, Food and Industrial microbiology, Nigeria. Uniben Press 176 pp.
Abigor RD, Okpefa E, Bafor ME, Uadia PO and Osagie AU. 1997. The physico-chemical properties of the seed and seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. Rivista Italiana delle Sostanze Grasse 74(10):465-466.
Arisa NU and Lazarus A. 2008. Production and refining of Dacryodes edulis “native pear” seeds oil. African Journal of Biotechnology,7(9):1344-1346.
Awono A, Ndoye O, Schreckenberg K, Tabuna H, Isseri F and Temple L. 2002. Production and marketing of safou (Dacryodes edulis) in Cameroon and Internationally: Market development Issues. Forests Trees and Livelihoods, 12(1):125-147.
Barnett HL and Hunter BB. 1972. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, Burgess publishing company. Mimeapolis, U.S.A.
CMI. 2010. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. Kew, survey England. 401-460.
Chukunda FA. 2014. Post-harvest fungal Diseases of Persea gratissima (C.F. Gaertn) and Dacryodes edulis (G.Don) H.J Lam, fruits. Ph.D Thesis. Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Ckukunda FA and Nwonuala AI. 2013. Comparison of two storage methods on the quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). International Journal of Advanced Biological Research, 3(2):322-325.
Frazier, William C, Westhoff, Dennis C. 1998. Food Microbiology 4th Ed. Tata McGraw Hill Inc. New York.
Gadet MD, Nzikou JM, Etoumongo A, Linder M and Desobry S. 2005. Encapsulation and storage of safou pulp oil in 6DE maltodextrins. Process Biochemistry, 40(1):265-271
Ibanga OI and Okon DE. 2009. Minerals and Anti-nutrients in two varieties of African Pear (Dacryodes edulis). Journal of Food Technology, 7(4):106-110
.
Ikhuoria EU and Maliki M. 2007. Characterization of avocado pear (Persea americana) and African pear (Dacryodes edulis) extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (7):950-952.
Kapseu C and Tchiegang C. 1996. Composition de l'huile des fruits de deux cultivars de safou au Cameroun = Oil composition from two fruit types of African pear in Cameroon. Fruits, 51(3):185-191.
Kays SJ. 1991. Post-Harvest physiology of perishable plant products. Editor Kay, S.J and Avibook. 532.
Kinkela T and Bezard J. 1993. Characterization of the triglyceridic structure of safou pulp oil (Dacryodes edulis). Revue Francaise des Corps Gras, 40(11-12):373-382.
Burkill HM. 1985. The useful Plants of West Tropical Africa Vol 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 307-308.
Lam HJ, Omati U and Okiy DA. 1987. Characteristics and composition of the pulp oil and cake of the African pear, Dacryodes edulis. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 38(1):67-72.
Liao CH, McCallus DE, and Wells JM. 1993. Calcium-dependent pectate lyase production in the soft-rotting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Phystopathology, 83(8):813-818.
Nwufo MI, Emebiri LC and Nwaiwu MY. 1989. Post harvest rot diseases of fruit of the African pear (Dacryodes edulis) in South eastern Nigeria. Tropical Science, 29(4):247- 254.
Omogbai BA and Ojeaburu SI. 2010. Nutritional composition and microbial spoilage of Dacryodes edulis fruits vended in Southern Nigeria. Science World Journal, 5(4):5-10.
Onifade AK, Atum HN and Adebolu TT. 2004. Nutrient enrichment of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) by solid substrate fermentation using four fungal species. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 10(1):31-36.
Onwuka GI. 2005. Food Analysis and instrumentation (theory and Practice) 1st edn, Napthali prints Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. 140-160.
Osborne DR and Voogt P. 1978. The Analysis of Nutrient in Food, Academy, London.
Oyolu C. 1980. Maximizing the contribution of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) to the National conference of the chemical society of Nigeria held at the University of Ife, Nigeria.
Pearson D. 1976. The chemical analysis of Food. 7th ed. Church hill Livingstone, New York 575 pp.
Samson RA and Van Reenen-Hoekstra ES. 1995. Introduction of foodborne fungi. 4th Ed. Central bureavoor Schimme cultures Beam. The Netherlands.
Uraih N. 1990. Public Health, Food and Industrial microbiology, Nigeria. Uniben Press 176 pp.
Published
2015-09-29
How to Cite
FA, C., & Stephen, O. U. (2015). Nutritional composition and fungal spoilage of African pear (Dacryodes edulis) fruits sold in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Biology, 5(6), 1809-1814. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/393
Section
Articles
