Determination of the hypotensive effect of aqueous extracts from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Anacardiaceae)
Keywords:
Anacardium occidentale, cholinomimetic substances, chlorpromazine, hypotensive effect
Abstract
The phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale (Family: Anacardiaceae) (ANO) revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, catechin, gallic tannins, quinones and alkaloids. The presence of all these phyto-chemicals could be responsible for the different therapeutic properties attributed to this herb. At doses between 3.7x10-3 and 6.2x10-2 g / kg bw, this aqueous extract induces sustained hypotension (dose-dependent) similar to that induced by acetylcholine (Ach) at 5.6x10-7 g / kg bw and 5.5x10-4 g / kg bw. It strongly reduced the pressure induced by adrenaline (Adr) at 2.5x10-5 g / kg bw. These results indicated that the aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale is hypotensive. The traditional use of this plant to treat high blood pressure was justified. The study of interaction between ANO and atropine (a competitive antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptor) showed that this reference molecule does not inhibit the hypotensive effects of this extract. Furthermore, inhibition and hypotensive properties of the extract of Anacardium occidentale by chlorpromazine an antipsychotic drug, suggested a central ANO action similar to that of clonidine and alpha-métyldopa. Thus, the aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale contained non- cholinomimetics and hypotensive substances that may have central effects.
References
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Stengel PW, Yamada M, Wess J, Cohen ML. (2002). M3 receptor knockout mice: muscarinic receptor function in atria, stomach fundus, urinary bladder and trachea. Am. J. Pharmacol., 292:1443-1449.
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Tchicaya FO, Datte YJ, Offoumou AM. (2003b). Effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) sur l’activité contractile du coeur isolé de rat. Rev. Méd Pharm. Afr., 17:49-60.
Tedong L, Djomeni-Dzeufiet DP, Dimo T, Asongalemb AE, Sokeng SN, Flejou JF, Callard P, Kamtchouing P. (2007). Effet de l’extrait à l’hexane des feuilles de Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) sur la fonction de reproduction chez les rats rendus diabétiques par la streptozotocine. Phytothérapie, 5(4): 182-193.
Zahoui OS, Zirihi GN, Soro YT, Traore F. (2012). Effet hypotenseur d’un extrait aqueux de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Waterman (Rutaceae), Phytothérapie 8:359–369.
Assane M, Baba MR, Bassere E and Sere A. (1993). Etude de l’action antihypertensive des grains de Parkia biglobosa Benth (Mimosoideae) chez le rat. Dakar Médical, 3(1):49-54.
Belemtougri R, Mounanga C, Ouedraogo Y and Sanogo L. (2001). Effets de l’extrait aqueux total de Lantana camara L, (Verbenaveae) sur la pression artérielle de lapin. Rev. Méd. Pharm. Afr., 15:1-13.
Bordet A. (2004). Neuroleptiques ou antipsychotiques ? Typiques ou atypiques? La Lettre du Pharmacologue, 18 (3):81-86.
Boullard B. (2001). Dictionnaire : Plantes médicinales du monde. Réalités et croyances. Paris, France. Editions ESTEM, 636.
Colasanti BK. (1994). «Antipsychotic drugs.» In Modern Pharmacology Edited by GRAIG C. K. et STITZEL R. E., 4è Ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston, New yok, Toronto, London: 387-395.
De Cort P, Phillips H, Govaerts F and Van Royen P. (2004). Recommandations de bonne pratique : L’hypertension. Social Science and Medicine, Générale, 40.
Elorriga M, Anselmi E, Hernansez Jm, D’ocon P and Estelles VA. (1996). The sources of Ca2+ for muscarinic receptor-induced contraction in the rat ileum. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 48(8):817-819.
Fernandes E, Carvalho M, Carvalho F, Silva AM, Pinto DC, Cavaleiro JA and De Courdes BM. (2003). Hepatoprotective activity of polyhydroxylated 2-stryrylchromones against ter-butylhydroperoxide induced toxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Arch. Toxicol., 23.
Furchgott RF. (1981). The requirement for endothelial cells in the relaxation of arteries by acetylcholine and some other vasodilators. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2(7):173-175.
Furchgott RF and Vanhoute PM. (1989). Endothelium – derived relaxing and contracting factors. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology journal, 3(9):2007-2018.
Gerova M, Kristek F, Cacanyiova S and Cebova M. (2005). Acetylcholine and bradykinin enhance hypotension and affect the function of remodeled conduit arteries in SHR and SHR treated with nitric oxide donors. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 38(6):959-966.
Goncalves JLS, Lopes RC, Oliveira DB, Costa SS, Miranda MMFS, Lomanos MTV, Santos NSO and Wigg MD. (2005). In vitro anti-rotavirus activity of some medicinal plant used in Brazil against diarrhea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(3):403-407.
Kamtchouing P, Sokeng DS, Moundipa PF, Pierre W, Jatsa BH and Lontsi D. (1998). Protective role of Anacardium occidentale extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 62(2):95-99.
Kerharo J and Adams J. (1974). Pharmacopé Sénégalaise traditionnelle. Plantes médicinales et toxiques. Vigot frères, Paris 1:108-109.
Konan NA, Bacchi EM, Lincopan N, Varela SD and Varanda EA. (2006). Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxic effect of hydroethanolic extract of the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110 (1):30-38.
Olajide OA, Aderogba MA, Adedapo ADA and Makinde JM. (2004). Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models. JJournal of Ethnopharmacology, 95(2-3):139-142.
Patil MB, Jalalpure SS, Pramod HJ and Manvi FV. (2003). Antiinflammatory activity of the leaves of Anacardium occidentale Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 65(1):70-72.
Satyanarayana PS, Singh D and Chopra K. (2001). Quercetin, a bioflavonoid protects against oxidative stress-related renal dysfunction by cyclosporine in rats. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 23(4):175-181.
Sokeng SD, Kamtchouing P, Watcho P, Jatsa BH, Moundipa FP, Loutsi D, Bopelet M. (2001). Hypoglycemic activity of Anacardium occidentale L. aqueous extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Research, 36:1-9.
Sokeng SD., Loutsi PF., Moundipa HBJ., Watcho VP, Kamtchouing P. (2007). Hypoglycemic effect of Anacardium occidentale L. methanol extract and fractions on streptozotocin-induced diabetics rats. Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2 (2): 133-137.
Stengel PW, Yamada M, Wess J, Cohen ML. (2002). M3 receptor knockout mice: muscarinic receptor function in atria, stomach fundus, urinary bladder and trachea. Am. J. Pharmacol., 292:1443-1449.
Taylor LND. (2005). The healing power of rainforest herbs: A guide to understanding and using herbal medicinals. Square one publishers, Garden city park: 535
Tchicaya FO, Datte YJ, Offoumou AM. (2003a). Effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) sur la pression, sanguine artérielle de lapin et sur l’artère aorte de cobaye. Rev. Méd Pharm. Afr., 17:41-46.
Tchicaya FO, Datte YJ, Offoumou AM. (2003b). Effets pharmacologiques de l’extrait aqueux de Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) sur l’activité contractile du coeur isolé de rat. Rev. Méd Pharm. Afr., 17:49-60.
Tedong L, Djomeni-Dzeufiet DP, Dimo T, Asongalemb AE, Sokeng SN, Flejou JF, Callard P, Kamtchouing P. (2007). Effet de l’extrait à l’hexane des feuilles de Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) sur la fonction de reproduction chez les rats rendus diabétiques par la streptozotocine. Phytothérapie, 5(4): 182-193.
Zahoui OS, Zirihi GN, Soro YT, Traore F. (2012). Effet hypotenseur d’un extrait aqueux de Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Waterman (Rutaceae), Phytothérapie 8:359–369.
Published
2015-12-26
How to Cite
ZAHOUI, O. S., YAO, K. M., SORO, T. yaya, NENE, B. S. A., & TRAORE, F. (2015). Determination of the hypotensive effect of aqueous extracts from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Anacardiaceae). Journal of Research in Biology, 5(8), 1909-1921. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/405
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