Prevalence of Type II diabetes with reference to ageing and gender differences
Keywords:
Diabetes, Metabolic disease, Epidemiology
Abstract
Diabetes, commonly referred as diabetes mellitus, in general describes a group of metabolic diseases that are caused by insulin deficiency. In which the person has high blood glucose level (blood sugar), either due to the insufficient production of insulin, or due to the body’s cells does not respond to insulin, or both. As long as the cells cannot take up the available glucose molecules from the blood of patients due to the lack of insulin hormone, it develops the sense of hunger (polyphagia). Kidneys act as a filter and normally reabsorb the blood glucose before it gets excreted in the urine, but when glucose level is high, kidnies cannot reabsorb all of the sugar, hence the excess sugar is dumped into the urine (polyurea). The increased urine production and consequential dehydration leads to the extreme thirst (polydipsia). India being the capital for diabetic world, visible increase of Type 2 diabetes is coupled with increasing age and that imposes a significant burden on the health care system. Hence, this work was therefore designed to assess the gender and age prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai.
References
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Williams JW, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE, de Courten MP, Cameron AJ, Chitson P, Tuomileh J and Alberti KG. (2003). Gender differences in the prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in Mauritius: does sex matter? Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 20:915 - 920.
Beckles GLA and Thompson-Reid PE. (2001). Diabetes and women's health across the life stages: a public health perspective. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Diabetes Translation.
Cameron AJ, Shaw JE and Zimmet PZ. (2004). The metabolic syndrome: prevalence in worldwide populations. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. Metabolic Syndrome., 33(1):351-376.
Cheung BMY, Wat NMS and Tso AWK Tam Sm. Association between raised blood pressure and dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese. Diabetes Care., 31(9):1889–1891.
Cockram C and Chan J. (1999). The epidemiology of diabetes in the Western Pacific Region (excluding Japan). In Diabetes in the New Millennium. Turle J, Kaneko T, Osato S, Eds. Sydney, Pot Still Press, 11–22
Ford ES, Giles WH and Dietz WH. (2002). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(3):356 - 359.
Huizinga MM, Rothman RL. (2006). Addressing the diabetes pandemic: A comprehensive approach. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 124(5):481-484.
Indian Heart Association Why South Asians Facts Web. 30 April 2015. http://indianheartassociation.org/why-indians-why-south-asians/overview.
Kanaya AM, Grady D and Barrett-Comor E. (2002). Explaining the Sex Difference in coronary heart disease mortality among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of internal medicine, 162(5):1737-1745.
Ken Gu, Catherine C Cowie and Maureen I Harris. (1998). Mortality in Adults With and Without Diabetes in a National Cohort of the U.S. Population, 1971–1993. Diabetes Care, 21(7):1138 - 1145.
Laakso M. (1996). Glycemic control and the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Finnish studies. Annals of internal medicine, 124(1 pt 2):127–130.
Morisaki N, Watanabe S, Kobayashi J, Kanzaki T, Takahashi K, Yokote K, Tezuka M, Tashiro J, Inadera H and Saito Y. (1994). Diabetic control and progression of retinopathy in elderly patients: Five-year follow-up study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(2):142–145.
Muhammad A, Abdul-Ghani, Devjit Tripathy, and Ralph A Defronzo. (2006). Contributions of Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance to the Pathogenesis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Impaired Fasting Glucose. Diabetes care, 29(5):1130 - 1139.
Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YM, Wang JX and Yang WY. (1997). Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes study. Diabetes Care, 20(4):537- 544.
Qiao Q, Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Nakagami T, Balkau B, Borch-Johnsen K, Ramachandran A, Mohan V, Iyer SR, Tominaga M, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Okubo K, Nagai M, Shibazaki S, Yang Z, Tong Z, Fan Q, Wang B, Chew SK, Tan BY, Heng D, Emmanuel S, Tajima N, Iwamoto Y, Snehalatha C, Vijay V, Kapur A, Dong Y, Nan H, Gao W, Shi H and Fu F. (2003). DECODA Study Group. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 11 Asian cohorts. Diabetes Care, 26(6):1770 - 1780.
Rajiv Raman, Aditi Gupta, Swakshyar S Pal, Suganesware Ganesan, Kadri Venkatesh, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan and Tarun Sharma. (2010). Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its influence on microvascular complications in the Indican population with Type 2 diabetes Mellitus. Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS, report 14). Diabetology and metabolic syndrome, 2(1):67.
Ramachandran A, Jali MV, Mohan V, Snehalatha C, and Vishwanathan M. (1988). High prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in south India. British Medical Journal, 297(6648):587–590.
Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Satyavani K, Sivasankari S and Vijay V. (2003). Metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indian adults - a population study using modified ATP-III criteria. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 60(3):199–204.
Sicree R, Shaw J, and Zimmet P. (2006). Diabetes and impaired glucosetolerance. In: Gan D, editor. Diabetes Atlas. International Diabetes Federation. 3rd ed. Belgium: International Diabetes Federation. 15:103.
Vibeke Sparring, Lennarth Nyström, Rolf Wahlström, Pia Maria Jonsson, Jan Östman and Kristina Burström, 2013. Diabetes duration and health-related quality of life in individuals with onset of diabetes in the age group 15—34 years – a Swedish population-based study using EQ-5D. BMC Public Health, 13:377.
WHO 1999. World Health Organization: Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva, World Health Org.
World Health Organization. (2003). Screening for type 2 diabetes. Report of a WHO and IDF meeting. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO 2008. World Health Organization. The world health report 2008: primary health care now more than ever. 1.World health – trends. 2.Primary health care – trends. 3.Delivery of health care. 4.Health policy. I.World Health Organization.
Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R and King H. Global. (2004). Prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27: 1047-1053.
Williams JW, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE, de Courten MP, Cameron AJ, Chitson P, Tuomileh J and Alberti KG. (2003). Gender differences in the prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance in Mauritius: does sex matter? Diabetic medicine: a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 20:915 - 920.
Published
2016-02-04
How to Cite
Vivekanandan, K. K. (2016). Prevalence of Type II diabetes with reference to ageing and gender differences. Journal of Research in Biology, 6(1), 1944-1951. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/409
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Articles
