The effect of salicylic acid and potassium sulphate on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) yield under the water stress
Abstract
Physiological stress indicates the environmental pressures which affect the plant physiology and change it. The experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) from 2015 to 2016. Treatments were: 1) Irrigation: without stress (irrigation after 70 mm evaporation from evaporation pan class A) and drought stress (irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from pan class A) was considered as the main factor and the concentration of salicylic acid with three levels (0.100 and 200 mg L-1) as the first sub-factor. The second sub-factor includes the concentrations of three levels of potassium sulphate (0.05 and 1 mg L-1). The interaction between drought stress and potassium sulphate and also potassium sulphate and salicylic acid were significant on the induction of plant height. With regard to this, the comparison between salicylic acid and potassium sulphate interaction on the safflower plant height and the highest plant height (107.3 cm) was obtained by using 200 mg salicylic acid plus 1 mg L-1 of potassium sulphate. The combined analysis of data indicated that interaction between potassium sulphate × salicylic acid on the grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield (1550 kg ha-1) belonged to the foliar application of 100 mg salicylic acid and 0.5 mg L-1 of potassium sulphate interaction. The interaction of salicylic acid and potassium sulphate was significant on the biological yield, and the highest biological yield was obtained with 200 mg L-1 of salicylic acid and 0.5 mg L-1 of potassium sulphate. Therefore, in order to compensate for some of the harmful effects of stress and enable the plant to return to normal growing conditions after re-watering, foliar application of such chemical compounds on plant can be effective and plays an important role on the resistance of plant to drought.
References
Bradford KJ. (1993). Water stress and water relations of seed development: A critical review. Journal of Crop Science, 34(1):1-11.
Cox WJ and Jollif GD. (1984). Growth and yield of sunflower and soybean under soil water deficits. American Society of Agronomy, 78(2): 266-230.
El-Tayeb MA. (2005). Response of barley grain to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid. Plant Growth Regulation, 45(3): 215-225.
Fageria NK. (2002). Micronutrients influence on root growth of upland rice common bean, corn, wheat and soybean. Journal Plant Nutrition, 25(3): 613-622.
Fugger ZK and Malakouti MJ. (2000). Optimum effects of fertilizer on increasing the tomato yield, Agricultural education publication in Tehran, first printing, 40 p.
Gunes A, Inal A, Alpaslan M, Cicek N, Guneri E, Eraslan F and Guzelorda T. (2005). Effects of exogenously applied salicylic acid on the induction of multiple stress tolerance and mineral nutrition in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 51(6): 687-695.
Hayat S and Ahmad A. (2007). Salicylic acid a plant hormone. Springer Netherlands. 370 p.
Jiang CC, Xia Y, Chen F, Lu JW and Wang YH. (2011). Plant growth, yield components, economic responses, and soil indigenous K uptake of two cotton genotypes with different K-efficiencies. Agricultural Sciences in China, 10(5): 705-713.
Kang GC, Wang G. Sun and Wang Z. (2003). Salicylic acid changes activities of H2O2 metabolizing enzymes and increases the chilling tolerance of banana seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 50(1): 9-15.
Khajehpour MR. (2006). Industrial plants. Esfahan University Jihad Press, 564 p.
Khan W, Prithiviraj B and Smith D. (2003). Photosynthetic response of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology, 160(5): 485-492.
Malakouti MJ, Keshavarz P and Karimiyan NA. (2008). A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and proper use of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University publications, Tehran, 718 p.
Mousavifar B, Behdani MA, Jami al-Ahmadi and Hosseini Bajad MS. (2009). Effect of lack of irrigation in reproductive growth stages in yield, its components and three varieties of safflower oil. Journal of Agricultural Ecology, 41: 51-1.
Munns R and Tester M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59: 651-681.
Noreen S and Ashraf M. (2008). Alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by exogenous application of salicylic acid: growth and photosynthesis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(4): 1657-1663.
Raza MAS, Saleem MF, Shah GM, Khan IH and Raza A. (2014). Exogenous application of glycinebetaine and potassium for improving water relations and grain yield of wheat under drought. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 14(2): 348-364
Salarpoor Ghoraba F and Farahbakhsh H. (2014). The effect of drought stress and salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), Journal of Crops Improvement, 16(3): 778-765.
Salem N, Msaada K, Dhifi W, Sriti J, Mejri H, Limam F and Marzouk B. (2014). Effect of drought on safflower natural dyes and their biological activities, EXCLI Journal, 13: 1-18.
Senaratna T. (2003). Acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 30(2): 157-161.
Valadabadi S and Farahani HA. (2010). Studying the interactive effect of potassium application and individual field crops on root penetration under drought condition. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development, 2(5):82-86.
Statistical Analysis System. (2002). Users guide statistics, Version 6th ed, SAS institute Inc. Cary. North Carolina, USA.
Excel Computer Picture. (2016). Microsoft Excel Pivot Tables for Business - Udemy. Udemy. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2016.
