Water quality of temporarily open/closed Muttukadu backwater, Tamilnadu, India
Keywords:
Backwater, Muttukadu, Sandbar formation, Tamil Nadu, Water quality
Abstract
The mouth dynamics of non-permanent open/shut estuaries (TOCEs) assume a key part in their general functioning. In this examination, the impact of the inlet state (closed versus open) on spatial fluctuation of water quality was surveyed in a briefly open/closed Muttukadu Backwater . Samplings were carried out in two periods during closed (May to August) and open phases (January to December and October to December). The water samples were collected from 9 stations during open and total closure conditions and analyzed for the physico-chemical characteristics. After the closure of mouth, it is found that increase in salinity and dissolved oxygen decreases in the backwater which in turn lead to fish kill. Nutrients in the estuarine system demonstrate high values amid closure condition and get diluted when the mouth is opened. The present outcomes recommend that the high nutrient supply from the upper ranges to the estuary is because of the Industrial outlet, Crab farming and tourism prompting Eutrophication when the sand bar is shut . Since the system is shallow, it is clear that there is a build up of pollutants in stations 4, 5 and 6 . It is observed that after the closure, the fishing activity is greatly affected due to the change in water quality.
References
Baldock TE, Day K, Hughes MG and Weir F. (2004). Swash overtopping and sediment transport - application to bermed beaches and lagoon entrances, in 8th National Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering, eds. H. Chanson and J. Macintosh, Engineers Australia, Queensland, Australia. 1-8p.
Bragadeeswaran SM, Rajasegar M, Srinivasan and Kanaga Rajan U. (2007). Sediment texture and nutrients of Arasalar estuary, Karaikkal, southeast coast of India. Journal of Environment Biology, 28(2): 237-240.
Bu H, Xiang Tan, Siyue Li and Quanfa Zhang. (2010). Temporal and spatial variations of water quality in the Jinshui river of the South Qinling Mts., China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73(5): 907-913 doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.11.007.
Carpenter SR, Carco NF, Correll DL, Howarth RW, Sharpley AN and Smith VH. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Application, 8(3): 559-68.
Chang H. (2008). Spatial analysis of water quality trends in the Han River basin, South Korea. Water Research, 42(13): 3285-3304.
Das J, Das SN and Sahoo RK. (1997). Semidural variation of some physico-chemical parameter in the Mahandi Estuary, East Coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 26: 323-326.
Govindasamy C, Kannan L and Jayapaul Azariah.(2000). Seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties and primary production in the coastal water biotopes of Coromandel coast. Indian Journal of Environmental Biology, 21(1): 1-7.
Grasshoff K, Ehrhardt M and Kremling K. (1983). Methods of sea water analysis, 2nd ed. New York and Weinheim, Germany: Verlag Chemie, 1-419 p.
Hodgkin EP. (1978). An environmental study of the Blackwood river estuary, Western Australia, Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth, WA, 78 p.
Hodgkin EP. (1984). Estuarine environments of the Southern Hemisphere. Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth, WA, 140 p.
Hunter WD. (1970). Aquatic Productivity: an introduction to some basic aspects of biological oceanography and limnology, New York, United States: Macmillan Company. 306 p.
Jha RB, Waidbacher H, Sharma S and Straif M(2010). Study of agricultural impacts through fish base variables in different rivers. International Journal of Environmental and Science Technology, 7(3): 609-615.
Karuppasamy PK and Perumal P. (2000). Biodiversity of zooplankton at Pichavaram mangroves. South India. Advance Bioscience,19(2): 23-32.
Masamba WRL and Mazvimavi D. (2008). Impact on water quality of land uses along Thamalakane-Boteti river: An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33(8-13): 687-694.
Nouri J, Danehkar A and Sharifipour R. (2008). Evaluation of ecotourism potential in the northern coastline of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Geology, 55 (3): 681-686.
Nouri J, Lorestani B, Yousefi N, Khorasani N, Hasani AH, Seif S and Cheraghi M. (2011). Phytoremediation potential of native plants grown in the vicinity of Ahangaran lead-zinc mine (Hamedan, Iran). Environmental Earth Science, 62(3): 639-644.
Ouyang Y, Nkedi-Kizza P, Wu QT, Shinde D and Huang CH. (2006). Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality. Water Research, 40(20): 3800-3810.
Qu W, Morrison RJ and West RJ. (2003). Inorganic nutrient and oxygen flux across the sediment-water interface in the inshore macrophyte areas of a shallow estuary (Lake Illawarra, Australia). Hydrobiologia, 492(1-3): 119–127.
Rajasegar M. (2003). Physico-chemical characteristics of the Vellar estuary in relation to shrimp farming. Journal of Environmental Biology, 24(1): 95-101.
Ramakrishnan R. Perumal and Santhanam P. (1999). Spatio-temporal variations of hydrographical features in the Pichavaram mangroves and Mohi aqua farm, Southeast coast of India. In: Proc. Intl. Sem. Appl. Hydrogeochem, Annamali University, Annamalai Nagar, India. Published by Dept. of Geology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India. 197-203 p.
Santhanam P and Perumal P. (2000). Diversity of zooplankton in Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 45(2): 144-151.
Saravanakumar A, Rajkumar M, Sesh J and Thivakaran GA. (2008). Seasonal variations in physic-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(5): 725-732.
Sarkar SK, Saha M, Takada H, Bhattacharya A, Mishra P and Bhattacharya B. (2007). Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India: an approach through environmental education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(16): 1559–1567.
Senthilkumar S, Santhanam P and Perumal P. (2002). Diversity of phytoplankton in Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. In: Proc. 5th Indian Fisheries Forum (Eds.: S. Ayyappan, J.K. Jena and M. Mohan Joseph). Published by AFSIB, Mangalore and AeA, Bhubanewar, India. 245-248p.
Soner Kara S and Onut S. (2010). A stochastic optimization approach for paper recycling reverse logistics network design under uncertainty. International Journal of Environmental Science of Technology, 7(4): 717- 730.
Sujata Mishra M, Panda D and Panigrahy RC. (1993). Physico-chemical characteristics of the Bahuda estuary (Orissa), South east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 22: 75-77.
Zhou F, Huang GH, Guo HC, Zhang W and Hao Z.(2007). Spatio-temporal patterns and source apportionment of coastal water pollution in eastern Hong Kong. Water Research. 41(15): 3429–3439.
Bragadeeswaran SM, Rajasegar M, Srinivasan and Kanaga Rajan U. (2007). Sediment texture and nutrients of Arasalar estuary, Karaikkal, southeast coast of India. Journal of Environment Biology, 28(2): 237-240.
Bu H, Xiang Tan, Siyue Li and Quanfa Zhang. (2010). Temporal and spatial variations of water quality in the Jinshui river of the South Qinling Mts., China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73(5): 907-913 doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.11.007.
Carpenter SR, Carco NF, Correll DL, Howarth RW, Sharpley AN and Smith VH. (1998). Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. Ecological Application, 8(3): 559-68.
Chang H. (2008). Spatial analysis of water quality trends in the Han River basin, South Korea. Water Research, 42(13): 3285-3304.
Das J, Das SN and Sahoo RK. (1997). Semidural variation of some physico-chemical parameter in the Mahandi Estuary, East Coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 26: 323-326.
Govindasamy C, Kannan L and Jayapaul Azariah.(2000). Seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties and primary production in the coastal water biotopes of Coromandel coast. Indian Journal of Environmental Biology, 21(1): 1-7.
Grasshoff K, Ehrhardt M and Kremling K. (1983). Methods of sea water analysis, 2nd ed. New York and Weinheim, Germany: Verlag Chemie, 1-419 p.
Hodgkin EP. (1978). An environmental study of the Blackwood river estuary, Western Australia, Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth, WA, 78 p.
Hodgkin EP. (1984). Estuarine environments of the Southern Hemisphere. Department of Conservation and Environment, Perth, WA, 140 p.
Hunter WD. (1970). Aquatic Productivity: an introduction to some basic aspects of biological oceanography and limnology, New York, United States: Macmillan Company. 306 p.
Jha RB, Waidbacher H, Sharma S and Straif M(2010). Study of agricultural impacts through fish base variables in different rivers. International Journal of Environmental and Science Technology, 7(3): 609-615.
Karuppasamy PK and Perumal P. (2000). Biodiversity of zooplankton at Pichavaram mangroves. South India. Advance Bioscience,19(2): 23-32.
Masamba WRL and Mazvimavi D. (2008). Impact on water quality of land uses along Thamalakane-Boteti river: An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33(8-13): 687-694.
Nouri J, Danehkar A and Sharifipour R. (2008). Evaluation of ecotourism potential in the northern coastline of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Geology, 55 (3): 681-686.
Nouri J, Lorestani B, Yousefi N, Khorasani N, Hasani AH, Seif S and Cheraghi M. (2011). Phytoremediation potential of native plants grown in the vicinity of Ahangaran lead-zinc mine (Hamedan, Iran). Environmental Earth Science, 62(3): 639-644.
Ouyang Y, Nkedi-Kizza P, Wu QT, Shinde D and Huang CH. (2006). Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality. Water Research, 40(20): 3800-3810.
Qu W, Morrison RJ and West RJ. (2003). Inorganic nutrient and oxygen flux across the sediment-water interface in the inshore macrophyte areas of a shallow estuary (Lake Illawarra, Australia). Hydrobiologia, 492(1-3): 119–127.
Rajasegar M. (2003). Physico-chemical characteristics of the Vellar estuary in relation to shrimp farming. Journal of Environmental Biology, 24(1): 95-101.
Ramakrishnan R. Perumal and Santhanam P. (1999). Spatio-temporal variations of hydrographical features in the Pichavaram mangroves and Mohi aqua farm, Southeast coast of India. In: Proc. Intl. Sem. Appl. Hydrogeochem, Annamali University, Annamalai Nagar, India. Published by Dept. of Geology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India. 197-203 p.
Santhanam P and Perumal P. (2000). Diversity of zooplankton in Parangipettai coastal waters, southeast coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 45(2): 144-151.
Saravanakumar A, Rajkumar M, Sesh J and Thivakaran GA. (2008). Seasonal variations in physic-chemical characteristics of water, sediment and soil texture in arid zone mangroves of Kachchh-Gujarat. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(5): 725-732.
Sarkar SK, Saha M, Takada H, Bhattacharya A, Mishra P and Bhattacharya B. (2007). Water quality management in the lower stretch of the river Ganges, east coast of India: an approach through environmental education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(16): 1559–1567.
Senthilkumar S, Santhanam P and Perumal P. (2002). Diversity of phytoplankton in Vellar estuary, southeast coast of India. In: Proc. 5th Indian Fisheries Forum (Eds.: S. Ayyappan, J.K. Jena and M. Mohan Joseph). Published by AFSIB, Mangalore and AeA, Bhubanewar, India. 245-248p.
Soner Kara S and Onut S. (2010). A stochastic optimization approach for paper recycling reverse logistics network design under uncertainty. International Journal of Environmental Science of Technology, 7(4): 717- 730.
Sujata Mishra M, Panda D and Panigrahy RC. (1993). Physico-chemical characteristics of the Bahuda estuary (Orissa), South east coast of India. Indian Journal of Marine Science, 22: 75-77.
Zhou F, Huang GH, Guo HC, Zhang W and Hao Z.(2007). Spatio-temporal patterns and source apportionment of coastal water pollution in eastern Hong Kong. Water Research. 41(15): 3429–3439.
Published
2017-01-16
How to Cite
., K., & Natesan, U. (2017). Water quality of temporarily open/closed Muttukadu backwater, Tamilnadu, India. Journal of Research in Biology, 7(1), 2158-2166. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/435
Section
Articles
