Anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and its impact on hematological and biochemical changes in Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793)
Keywords:
C. striatus, anesthesia, induction and recovery time
Abstract
Channa striatus is one among the dominant group of air breathing freshwater fishes in Southeast Asian countries. In the present study, fish anesthetic clove oil was used to study the hematological and biochemical changes at different concentration (400 ppm, 450 ppm and 500 ppm) and time interval (0 h, 1h and 24 h) in C. striatus. The induction and recovery time was noted for each treatment groups. Erythrocyte count (T/L), Hemoglobin and Hematocrit values showed elevated levels when compared to control. RBC, Hb and Ht values significantly increased 1 h after anesthesia and returned to normal after 24 h. Anesthetic treated fishes exhibited marked decrease in WBCs when compared to control group. The rest of the indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils) were at comparable levels in all groups. The anesthetic treated fishes were found to show a significant increase in the concentration of glucose. The rest of the indices (TP, ALB, GLOB, ALT, AST) were at comparable levels in all groups. Results of the study suggested that the use of clove oil at the concentrations of 400, 450 and 500 ppm does not cause irreversible damage on the blood parameters as well as biochemical profile in C. striatus.
References
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Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR, Lopes NP, Roubach R and Araujo-Lima CARM. 2001. Efficacy of Benzocaine as an Anesthetic in Juvenile Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 32(4):426-431. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00470.x
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Inoue LAKA, Santos-Neto NC and Moraes G. 2003. Clove oil as anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxa Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869). Ciencia Rural. 33(5):943-947.
Inoue L, Afonso L, Iwama GK and Moares G. 2005. Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport. Acta Amazonica 35(2):289-295. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672005000200018.
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Kiessling A, Johansson D, Zahl IH and Samuelsen OB. 2009. Pharmacokinetics, plasma cortisol and effectiveness of benzocaine, MS-222 and isoeugenol measured in individual dorsal aorta-cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following bath administration Aquaculture 286(3-4): 301–308. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.037
Matin SMA, Hossain MA and Hashim MA. 2009. Clove oil anaesthesia in singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis) and lata (Channa punctatus) fish. The Bangladesh Veterinarian 26(2): 68-73
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Mcknight IMA. 1966. Hematological study on the mountain white fish. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 23(1):45-64.
Munday PL and Wilson SK. 1997. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and other chemicals in anaesthetization of Pomacentrus amboinensis, a coral reef fish. Journal of Fish Biology 51(5): 931-938. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01532.x
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Soto CG and Burhanuddin S. 1995. Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring length and weight of rabbit fish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture 136(1-2): 149–152.
Sudagara M, Mohammadizarejabad A, Mazandarani R and Pooralimotlagha S. 2009. The efficacy of clove powder as an anesthetic and its effects on hematological parameters on Roach (Rutilus rutilus). Journal of Aquaculture feed science and nutrition 1(1): 1-5.
Svobodova Z and Vykusova B. 1991. Diagnostics, prevention and therapy of fish diseases and intoxications. Manual for International Training Course on Freshwater Fish Diseases and Intoxications, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology. 270.
Taylor PW and Roberts S. D. 1999. Clove oil: An alternative anaesthetic for aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture 61(2):150–155.
Tort L, Puigcerver M, Crespo S and Padros F. 2002. Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research 33(11):907-910.
Tytler R and Hawkins AD. 1981. Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In Aquarium Systems (A.D. Hawkins, eds.), Academic Press London, 247-278.
Veliesk J, Svobodova Z and Piackova V. 2005a. Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Veterinaria Brno 74:139-146.
Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Piackova V, Groch L and Nepejchalova L. 2005b. Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary Medicine Czech 50(6):269–275.
Velisek J, Wlasow T, Gomulka P, Svobodova Z and Novotny L. 2006. Effects of Clove Oil anaesthesia on european catfish (Silurus glanis L.). Acta Veterinaria Brno 75(1): 99–106.
Weber RA, Peleteiro JB, Martín LOG and Aldegunde M. 2009. The efficacy of 2 phenoxyethanol, metomidate, clove oil and MS-222 as anaesthetic agents in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858). Aquaculture 288(1-2):147-150.
Wee KL and Tacon AGJ. 1982. A preliminary study on the dietary protein requirement of juvenile snakehead. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 48(10):1463-1468. doi: 10.2331/suisan.48.1463
Woody CA, Nelson J and Ramstad K. 2002. Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adult sockeye salmon: field trials. Journal of Fish Biology 60(2):340-347. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00284.x
Bowser PR. 2001. Anesthetic options for fish. In Recent Advances in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia: Companion Animals, International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca, NY.
Campbell TW. 2004. Hematology of lower vertebrates In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual meeting of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACUPC). www.ivis.org/proceedings/AVCP/2004/Campbell/ivis.pdf
Fast MD, Hosoya S, Johnson SC and Afonso LOB. 2008. Cortisol response and immune- related effects of
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) subjected to short- and long-term stress. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 24(2):194-204. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2007.10.009.
Fernandes MN and Mason AF. 2003. Environmental pollution and fish gill morphology. In: VAL, AL. and KAPOOR, BG., Ed. Fish adaptations. Enfield: Science Publishers. 203-231.
Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR, Lopes NP, Roubach R and Araujo-Lima CARM. 2001. Efficacy of Benzocaine as an Anesthetic in Juvenile Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of World Aquaculture Society 32(4):426-431. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2001.tb00470.x
Holloway AC, Keene JL, Noakes DG and Moccia RD. 2004. Effects of clove oil and MS-222 on blood hormone profiles in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum. Aquaculture Research 35(11):1025–1030. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01108.x
Iversen M, Finstad B, MacKinley RS and Eliassen RA. 2003. The efficacy of metomidate, clove oil, Aqui-S™ and Benzoak® as anaesthetics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts, and their potential stress-reducing capacity. Aquaculture 221: 549–566.
Inoue LAKA, Santos-Neto NC and Moraes G. 2003. Clove oil as anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxa Brycon cephalus (Günther, 1869). Ciencia Rural. 33(5):943-947.
Inoue L, Afonso L, Iwama GK and Moares G. 2005. Effects of clove oil on the stress response of matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) subjected to transport. Acta Amazonica 35(2):289-295. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0044-59672005000200018.
Keene JL, Noakes DLG, Moccia RD and Soto GG. 1998. The efficacy of clove oil as an anesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Aquaculture Research 29(2): 89-101. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.1998.00927.x
Kiessling A, Johansson D, Zahl IH and Samuelsen OB. 2009. Pharmacokinetics, plasma cortisol and effectiveness of benzocaine, MS-222 and isoeugenol measured in individual dorsal aorta-cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following bath administration Aquaculture 286(3-4): 301–308. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.09.037
Matin SMA, Hossain MA and Hashim MA. 2009. Clove oil anaesthesia in singhi (Heteropneustes fossilis) and lata (Channa punctatus) fish. The Bangladesh Veterinarian 26(2): 68-73
McFarland WN. 1960. The use of anaesthetics for the handling and the transport of fishes. California Fish and Game 46:407–431.
Mcknight IMA. 1966. Hematological study on the mountain white fish. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 23(1):45-64.
Munday PL and Wilson SK. 1997. Comparative efficacy of clove oil and other chemicals in anaesthetization of Pomacentrus amboinensis, a coral reef fish. Journal of Fish Biology 51(5): 931-938. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01532.x
Nagababu E and Lakshmaiah N. 1992. Inhibitory effects of eugenol on non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria. Journal of Biochemistry Pharmacology 43(11):2393–2400. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(92)90318-D
Park MO, Im SY, Seol DW and Park IS. 2009. Efficacy and physiological responses of rock bream, (Oplegnathus fasciatus) to anesthetization with clove oil. Aquaculture 287(3-4): 427-430. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.10.049
Pirhonen J and Schreck CB. 2003. Effects of anesthesia with MS-222, clove oil and CO2 on feed intake and plasma cortisol in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 220(1-4):507–514. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00624-5
Ross LG and Ross B. 2008. Anaesthetic and Sedative Techniques for Aquatic Animals. 3rd Edn., Blackwell, Oxford. ISBN:978-1-4051-4938-9
Seol DW, Lee J, Im SY and Park IS. 2007. Clove oil as an anaesthetic for common octopus (Octopus minor, Sasaki). Aquaculture Research 38(1):45-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01622.x
Soto CG and Burhanuddin S. 1995. Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring length and weight of rabbit fish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture 136(1-2): 149–152.
Sudagara M, Mohammadizarejabad A, Mazandarani R and Pooralimotlagha S. 2009. The efficacy of clove powder as an anesthetic and its effects on hematological parameters on Roach (Rutilus rutilus). Journal of Aquaculture feed science and nutrition 1(1): 1-5.
Svobodova Z and Vykusova B. 1991. Diagnostics, prevention and therapy of fish diseases and intoxications. Manual for International Training Course on Freshwater Fish Diseases and Intoxications, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology. 270.
Taylor PW and Roberts S. D. 1999. Clove oil: An alternative anaesthetic for aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture 61(2):150–155.
Tort L, Puigcerver M, Crespo S and Padros F. 2002. Cortisol and haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to the anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research 33(11):907-910.
Tytler R and Hawkins AD. 1981. Vivisection, anaesthetics and minor surgery. In Aquarium Systems (A.D. Hawkins, eds.), Academic Press London, 247-278.
Veliesk J, Svobodova Z and Piackova V. 2005a. Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Veterinaria Brno 74:139-146.
Velisek J, Svobodova Z, Piackova V, Groch L and Nepejchalova L. 2005b. Effects of clove oil anaesthesia on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Veterinary Medicine Czech 50(6):269–275.
Velisek J, Wlasow T, Gomulka P, Svobodova Z and Novotny L. 2006. Effects of Clove Oil anaesthesia on european catfish (Silurus glanis L.). Acta Veterinaria Brno 75(1): 99–106.
Weber RA, Peleteiro JB, Martín LOG and Aldegunde M. 2009. The efficacy of 2 phenoxyethanol, metomidate, clove oil and MS-222 as anaesthetic agents in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858). Aquaculture 288(1-2):147-150.
Wee KL and Tacon AGJ. 1982. A preliminary study on the dietary protein requirement of juvenile snakehead. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 48(10):1463-1468. doi: 10.2331/suisan.48.1463
Woody CA, Nelson J and Ramstad K. 2002. Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adult sockeye salmon: field trials. Journal of Fish Biology 60(2):340-347. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00284.x
Published
2014-12-31
How to Cite
P, J., MA, H., & K, K. (2014). Anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and its impact on hematological and biochemical changes in Channa striatus (Bloch, 1793). Journal of Research in Biology, 4(8), 1595-1603. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/519
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