Effects of protein and lipid content of three artificial foods on survival and growth of common dentex during the on-growing phase (Dentex dentex Linneaus, 1758).
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to highlight the effects of three different foods containing protein and lipids on the survival and growth of common dentex during the on-growing phase.
Common dentex fingerlings weighting 5-6g were grown for one year in polyester tanks. Three diets were used (A1, A2 and A3), respectively, had a protein content of 55%, 45%, 33% and lipid level of 10%, 15% 23%. At the end of the experiment, fishes have reached a weight of 310.20 ± 7.76, 406.24 ± 11.01, 230.20 ± 6.41g, respectively, for A1, A2 and A3. The respective survivals were of 60%, 80% and 88%. The specific growth rates were of 1.04, 1.13 and 1.04 while the respective food conversion rates were of 1.45, 1.30 and 2.0. Diet containing 45% protein and 15% lipid gave the highest specific growth rate and the lowest food conversion rate with an intermediate survival of 80%.
Results obtained during this phase are encouraged to undertake large-scale farming in sea cages, knowing that to transfer the fries into cages must have a weight greater than 6g. This study showed that during one year common dentex reached commercial size despite a thermal profile whose values have not reached the optimum temperatures for the majority of sparidae
References
Abellan E, Garcia-Alcazar A, Arizcun M, Delgado J and Martin P. 1997. Experiencias preliminares sobre reproduction y cultivo del denton (Dente dentex L.) In : Actas VI Congresso Nac. Acuicult. De Costa J, Abellan E, Garcia B, Ortega A, Zamora S. (eds), Cartagena. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y alimentation, Madrid. 477-482.
Ait Ali A, Rharbi N, Abrehouche A, Nhhala H. 2008. Effects of lipids and (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids compositions of three artificial foods on survival, growth and body composition of common dentex’s fingerlings (Dentex dentex, L). African Journal of Biochemistry Research 2:001-007.
Ait Ali A, Rharbi N, Akharbache H and Sedki S. 2007. Effects of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids compositions of three live prey enrichments on the survival and growth of common dentex’s larvae (Dentex dentex, L). African Journal of Food Sciences 1:030-036.
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) S. 2000. Official method of analysis, 17th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists MD, USA.
Calduch-Giner JA, Company R, Kaushik S and Perez-Sanchez J. 1981. Risk and benefits of lipid enriched diets in Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), in: VIII Int. Symp. Nutrition and Feeding of Fish, Las Palmas, Spain 32.
Cardenete G, Abellan E, Hidalgo MC, Skalli A and Arizcum M. 1997. Relation proteina en dietas para juveniles de denton (Dentex dentex), in: De Costa J., Abellan E. Garcia G.B., Ortega R.A., Zamora N.S. (Eds), Actas del VI Congresso Nacional de Acuicultura, Cartagena, Spain. 581-586.
Cardenete G, Abellan E, Hidalgo M.C, Skalli A and Garcia-Alcazar A. 1997b. Utilisation digestiva y nutritiva de niveles de crecientes de carbohidratos en dieta por el Dentón (Dentex dentex). Resultados preliminares. Proceedings of the Six National Congress on Aquaculture, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. 587-592.
Cardenete G, Abellán E, Skalli A and Massuti S. 1997a. Feeding Dentex dentex with dry diets: Growth response and diet utilisation. Cahiers Opt. Mediterranéennes 22:141-151.
Cardenete G, Skalli A, Hidalgo MC, Palma MC and Massuti S. 1997d. Variation de los niveles proteico y lipidico de la dieta. Effecto sobreel crecimiento y utilization nutritiva de la misma porel denton (Dentex dentex), in: De Costa J., Abellan E., Garcia G.B., Ortega R.A., Zamora N.S. (Eds), Actas del VI Congresso Nacional de Acuicultura, Cartagena, Spain. 559-564.
Company R, Calduch-Ginner JA, Pérez-Sanchez J and Kaushik SJ. 1999. Protein sparing effect of dietary lipids in common dentex (Dentex dentex): a comparative study with sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquat. Living Ressour. 12:23-30.
Conides A, Nengas I. 1998. Description and analysis of the fisheries and aquaculture sector of Greece (1985-1997). Greek Fishing News 195:158-175.
Conides A, Parpoura A and Pagonis M. 1996. Aquaculture in the Mediterranean. In: Proceedings of Seminar on the Apparaisal of Aquaculture in Libya, Surt (Libya). 23-25, 37.
Dias J, Alvarez MJ, Diez A, Arjel J, Corraze G, Bautista GM and Kaushik SJ. 1998. Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by dietary protein/energy in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture 161:169-186.
Efthimiou S, Divanach P and Rosenthal H. 1994. Growth, food conversion and agonistic behaviour in common dentex (Dentex dentex) juveniles fed on pellet moist and dry diets. Aquat. Living Ressour. 7:267-275.
Espinos FJ, Tomas A, Pérez LM, Balasch S and Jover M. 2003. Growth of dentex fingerlings (Dentex dentex) fed diets containing different levels of protein and lipid. Aquaculture 218:479-490.
Hidalgo F, Alliot E. 1988. Influence of water temperature on protein requirement and protein utilization in juvenile sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax. Aquaculture 72:115-129.
Jover M, Riera F, Grau A, Pastor E, Espinos F.J and Perez L. 1998. Resultados preliminares de crecimiento del denton (Dentex dentex) alimentado con cuatro piensos extrusionados de differente relation proteine/lipidos. Aquat Electron. J. University of Zaragoza, Spain.
Katavic I, Grubisic L and Skakelia, N. 2000. Growth performance of pink dentex as compared to other four sparid reared in marine cages in Croatia. Aquacult. Int. 8:455-461.
Koumoundourous G, Carrilllo J, Divanach P and Kentouri M. 2004. The rearing of common dentex Dentex dentex (L.) During the hatchery and on-growing phases. Aquaculture 240:165-173.
Metailler R, Aldrin JF, Messager JL, Mevel G and Stephan G. 1981. Feeding of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: role of protein level and energy source. J. World. Mari. Soc. 12:117-118.
Perez L, Gonzalez H, Jover M, FernandezCarmona G. 1997. Growth of European sea bass fingerlings (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed extruded diets containing varying levels of protein, lipid and carbohydrate. Aquaculture 156:183-193.
Riera F, Pastor E, Grau AM, Pou S, Grau A and Massuti E. 1993. Experiencias en el cultivo del denton. In: Actas IV Congresso Nac. Acuicult., Vilanova de Aroussa, 1993, Cervino A., Landin A., de Coo A., Guerra A. and Torre, M. (eds), Centro de Invesigaciones Marinas, Pontoverda, Spain. 143-148.
Riera F, Pastor E, Grau AM, Pou S, Grau A, Massuti E, Valencia JM, Palmer G and Pou S. 1995. Resultados preliminares del engorde del denton (Dentex dentex), en jaulas flotantes con differenttes tipos de dietas. Proceeding of the Fifth National Congress on Aquaculture, San Carles de la Rapita, Tarragona, Spain. 111-606.
Rueda FM, Martinez FJ. 2001. A review on the biology and potential aquaculture of Dentex dentex. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 11:57-70.
Sokal RR, Rohlf FG. 1981. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 2nd edn. WH Freeman, New york.
Tibaldi E, Beraldo P, Volpelli L.A and Pinosa M. 1996. Growth response of juvenile dentex (Dentex dentex L.) to varying protein level and protein to lipid ratio in practical diets. Aquaculture. 139:91-99.
Tomás A, Martínez-Llorens S and Jover M. 2009. The effect of dietary soybean meal on growth, nutrient utilization efficiency, and digestibility of juvenile common dentex, Dentex dentex (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sparidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 39:19-25.
Tulli F, Tibaldi E. 1997. Changes in amino-acids and essential fatty acids during early larval rearing of dentex. Aquac. Int. 5:229-236.
Vergara JM, Robaina L, Izquierdo MS and De la Higuera M. 1996. Protein sparing effect of lipids in diets for fingerlings of gilthead seabream. Fish. Sci. 62:624-628.
