Occupational Diseases In Textile Dyers – A Brief Review
Keywords:
Occupational disease, textile dyes, carcinogen, mutagen
Abstract
The textile industry not only accounts for a large percentage of India's industrial production and export earnings, but also generates employment in both organized and unorganized sectors. The industrial operations, specifically dyeing, encompasses many occupational diseases, which have either long term or short term health effects, depending on the type of exposure and its duration. The exposures to such chemicals may occur, through any route of entry, like inhalation or absorption. This study attempts a brief review of the occupational diseases caused by textile dyes and suggests mitigation measures.
Occupational skin diseases like Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) and Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD), involving exposed sites, cause significant morbidity in textile industry workers. Occupational eczema and urticaria from reactive dyes, has also been reported. Dyes used by textile industries are known to be carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, with genotoxic risk to textile dyers. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified various dyes as being associated with cancer in humans. The spraying of Acramin F system, led to Organizing Pneumonia (OP). Reactive dyes (Lanasol Yellow 4G) and carmine dye have been implicated as etiologic agents of occupational asthma and allergic rhinitis. Occupational exposure to vat dyes may result in sub-clinical adverse effects on the liver.
Strategies like, implementation of safety measures according to the type of work, periodic screening coupled with worker-oriented educational approaches, further epidemiological study, and modern Occupational Health Safety (OHS) legislation will help deal with this problem.
References
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Gonzales CA, Riboli E and Lopez-Abente G. 1988. Bladder cancer among workers in the textile industry: Results of a spanish case-control study. Amer J Indust Med., 14(6):673-680.
Hoet PH, Gilissen LP, Leyva M and Nemery B. 1999. In vitro cytotoxicity of textile paint components linked to the "Ardystil syndrome". Toxicol Sci., 52:209-216.
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Jenkins CL. 1978. Textile dyes are potential hazards. J Environ Health. 40(5):256-263.
Kim Y, Park J and Shin YC. 2007. Dye-manufacturing workers and bladder cancer in South Korea. Arch Toxicol., 81(5):381-384.
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Mathur N, Bhatnagar P and Sharma P. 2012. Review of the mutagenicity of textile dye products. Univ J Envtl Res Tech., 2(2):1-18.
Morikawa Y, Shiomi K, Ishihara Y and Matsuura N. 1997. Triple primary cancers involving Kidney, Urinary Bladder and Liver in a dye workers. Am J of Indus Med., 31:44-49.
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Moya C, Anto JM and Newman-Taylor AJ. 1994. Outbreak of organising pneumonia in textile printing sprayers. Collaborative Group for the Study of Toxicity in Textile Aerographic Factories. Lancet. 344:498-502.
Olfert SM, Felknor SA and Delclos GL. 2006. An updated review of the literature: risk factors for bladder cancer with focus on occupational exposures. South Med., J. 99(11):1203.
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Robens JF, Dill GS, Ward JM, Joiner JR, Griesemer RA and Douglas JF. 1980. Thirteen-week sub-chronic toxicity studies of Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38 and Direct Brown 95 dyes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 54:431-442.
Romano C, Sulotto F, Pavan I, Chiesa A, Scansetti G. 1991. A new case of occupational asthma from reactive dyes with severe anaphylactic response to the specific challenge. Amer J Indust Med., 21(2):209-216.
Romero S, Hernandez L, Gil J, Aranda I, Martin C and Sanchez-Paya J. 1998. Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers: a clinical description. Eur Respir J., 11:265-271.
Rutstein DD, Mullan RJ, Frazier TM, Halperin WE, Melius JM and Sestito JP. 1983. Sentinel Health Events (occupational): a basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance. Am J Pub Health. 73(9): 1054-1062.
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Shinka T, Sawada Y, Morimoto S, Fujinaga T, Nakamura J and Ohkawa T. 1991. Clinical study on urothelial tumors of dye workers in Wakayama City. J Urol., 146(6):1504-7.
Singh GB. 1970. Toxicity of dyes with special reference to benzathrone. Ind J Indust Med., 16:122-129.
Singh MB, Fotedar R and Lakshminarayana J. 2005. Occupational Morbidities and their Association with Nutrition and Environmental Factors among Textile Workers of Desert Areas of Rajasthan, India. J Occupl Health. 47(5):371-377.
Singhi MK, Menghani PR, Gupta LK, Kachhawa D and Bansal M. 2005. Occupational contact dermatitis among the traditional 'tie and dye' cottage industry in Western Rajasthan. Ind J Dermatol, Venereol and Leprol. 71(5):329-332.
Soni BP and Sherertz EF. 1996. Contact dermatitis in the textile industry: a review of 72 patients. Am J Contact Dermat. 7(4):226-30.
Soyinka OO, Adeniyi FA and Ajose OA. 2007. Biochemical parameters of liver function in artisans occupationally exposed to vat dyes. Ind J Occup Environ Med., 11(2):76-79.
Venturini S and Tamaro M. 1979. Mutagencity of anthraquinone and azo dyes in Ames Salmonella typhimurium test. Mut Res., 68:307-312.
You XY, Chen JG and Hu YN. 1990. Studies on the relation between bladder cancer and benzidine or its derived dyes in Shanghai. British J Indust Med., 47:544-552.
Zanardi F, Harris EC, Brown T, Rice S, Palmer KT and Coggon D. 2011. Mortality from diabetes and ischaemic heart disease in textile workers. Occup Environ Med., 68:172-175.
Alanko K, Keskinen H, Bjorksten F and Ojanen S. 1977. Immediate-type hypersensitivity to reactive dyes. Clin Exptl Allergy. 8(1):25-31.
Ames BN, McCann J and Yamasaki E. 1975. Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. Mut Res., 3:347-364.
Beck SL. 1983. Assessment of adult skeletons to detect prenatal exposure to Trypan Blue in mice. Teratology. 28:271-285.
Donbak L, Rencuzogullari E, Topaktas M and Sahin G. 2006. A biomonitoring study on the workers from textile dyeing plants. Russian J Gen., 42(6):613-618.
Duca PG, Pelfini G, Ferguglia G, Settimi L, Peverelli C, Sevosi I and Terzaghi G. 1994. Efficacy of the use of barrier creams in the prevention of dermatological diseases in textile dyeing and printing plant workers: results of a randomized trial. Med Lav., 85(3):231-8.
Estlander T. 1988. Allergic dermatoses and respiratory diseases from reactive dyes. Contact Dermatitis. 18(5):290-297.
Frumin E, Velez H, Bingham E, Gillen M, Brathwaite M, LaBarck R. 1990. Occupational bladder cancer in textile dyeing and printing workers: six cases and their significance for screening programs. J Occup Med., 32(9):887-90.
Garner RC and Nutman CA. 1977. Testing of some azo dyes and their reduction products for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538. Mut Res., 44:9-19.
Gonzales CA, Riboli E and Lopez-Abente G. 1988. Bladder cancer among workers in the textile industry: Results of a spanish case-control study. Amer J Indust Med., 14(6):673-680.
Hoet PH, Gilissen LP, Leyva M and Nemery B. 1999. In vitro cytotoxicity of textile paint components linked to the "Ardystil syndrome". Toxicol Sci., 52:209-216.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1982. Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans, chemicals, industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans, IARC, Lyon. IARC Suppl., 4.
Jaiswal A. 2007. Health status of textile industrial workers of Uttar Pradesh, India. EAA Summer School eBook. 1:217-223.
Jenkins CL. 1978. Textile dyes are potential hazards. J Environ Health. 40(5):256-263.
Kim Y, Park J and Shin YC. 2007. Dye-manufacturing workers and bladder cancer in South Korea. Arch Toxicol., 81(5):381-384.
Lazarov A. 2003. Textile dermatitis in patients with contact sensitization in Israel: a 4-year prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol., 18(5):531-537.
Lizaso MT, Moneo I, Garcia BE, Acero S, Quirce S and Tabara AI. 2000. Identification of allergens involved in occupational asthma due to carmine dye Ann of Allergy, Asthma and Immunol. 84(5):549-552.
Mastrangelo G, Fedeli U, Fadda E, Milan G and Lange JH. 2002. Epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk in textile industry workers: a review and update. Toxicol Indust Health. 18(4):171-181.
Mathur NK. 1981. Contact dermatitis caused by industrial agents. In: Contact dermatitis in India. Pasricha JS, Sethi NC, Eds. Lyka Lab Publishers, 50.
Mathur N, Bhatnagar P and Bakre P. 2005. Assessing mutagenicity of textile dyes from Pali (Rajasthan) using Ames bioassay. Appl Ecol Envtl Res., 4(1):111-118.
Mathur N, Bhatnagar P and Sharma P. 2012. Review of the mutagenicity of textile dye products. Univ J Envtl Res Tech., 2(2):1-18.
Morikawa Y, Shiomi K, Ishihara Y and Matsuura N. 1997. Triple primary cancers involving Kidney, Urinary Bladder and Liver in a dye workers. Am J of Indus Med., 31:44-49.
Morrison AS, Ahlbom A, Verhoek WG, Aoki K, Leck I, Ohno Y and Obata K. 1985. Occupation and bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan. J Epidemiol Commun Health. 39:294-300.
Moya C, Anto JM and Newman-Taylor AJ. 1994. Outbreak of organising pneumonia in textile printing sprayers. Collaborative Group for the Study of Toxicity in Textile Aerographic Factories. Lancet. 344:498-502.
Olfert SM, Felknor SA and Delclos GL. 2006. An updated review of the literature: risk factors for bladder cancer with focus on occupational exposures. South Med., J. 99(11):1203.
Ramaswamy SS. 1987. An Overview of the Health Hazards Due to Toxic Exposure in the Indian Work Environment. Def Sci J., 37(2):113-131.
Robens JF, Dill GS, Ward JM, Joiner JR, Griesemer RA and Douglas JF. 1980. Thirteen-week sub-chronic toxicity studies of Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38 and Direct Brown 95 dyes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 54:431-442.
Romano C, Sulotto F, Pavan I, Chiesa A, Scansetti G. 1991. A new case of occupational asthma from reactive dyes with severe anaphylactic response to the specific challenge. Amer J Indust Med., 21(2):209-216.
Romero S, Hernandez L, Gil J, Aranda I, Martin C and Sanchez-Paya J. 1998. Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers: a clinical description. Eur Respir J., 11:265-271.
Rutstein DD, Mullan RJ, Frazier TM, Halperin WE, Melius JM and Sestito JP. 1983. Sentinel Health Events (occupational): a basis for physician recognition and public health surveillance. Am J Pub Health. 73(9): 1054-1062.
Serra C, Kogevinas M, Silverman DT, Turuguet D, Tardon A, Garcia-Closas R, Carrato A, Castano-Vinyals G, Fernandez F, Stewart P, Benavides FG, Gonzalez S, Serra A, Rothman N, Malats N and Dosemeci M. 2008. Work in the textile industry in Spain and bladder cancer. Occup Environ Med., 65:552-559.
Shinka T, Sawada Y, Morimoto S, Fujinaga T, Nakamura J and Ohkawa T. 1991. Clinical study on urothelial tumors of dye workers in Wakayama City. J Urol., 146(6):1504-7.
Singh GB. 1970. Toxicity of dyes with special reference to benzathrone. Ind J Indust Med., 16:122-129.
Singh MB, Fotedar R and Lakshminarayana J. 2005. Occupational Morbidities and their Association with Nutrition and Environmental Factors among Textile Workers of Desert Areas of Rajasthan, India. J Occupl Health. 47(5):371-377.
Singhi MK, Menghani PR, Gupta LK, Kachhawa D and Bansal M. 2005. Occupational contact dermatitis among the traditional 'tie and dye' cottage industry in Western Rajasthan. Ind J Dermatol, Venereol and Leprol. 71(5):329-332.
Soni BP and Sherertz EF. 1996. Contact dermatitis in the textile industry: a review of 72 patients. Am J Contact Dermat. 7(4):226-30.
Soyinka OO, Adeniyi FA and Ajose OA. 2007. Biochemical parameters of liver function in artisans occupationally exposed to vat dyes. Ind J Occup Environ Med., 11(2):76-79.
Venturini S and Tamaro M. 1979. Mutagencity of anthraquinone and azo dyes in Ames Salmonella typhimurium test. Mut Res., 68:307-312.
You XY, Chen JG and Hu YN. 1990. Studies on the relation between bladder cancer and benzidine or its derived dyes in Shanghai. British J Indust Med., 47:544-552.
Zanardi F, Harris EC, Brown T, Rice S, Palmer KT and Coggon D. 2011. Mortality from diabetes and ischaemic heart disease in textile workers. Occup Environ Med., 68:172-175.
Published
2012-10-12
How to Cite
Sargunar, C. G., & S, R. (2012). Occupational Diseases In Textile Dyers – A Brief Review. Journal of Research in Biology, 2(7), 626-633. Retrieved from https://ojs.jresearchbiology.com/ojs1/index.php/jrb/article/view/258
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